Pharmaceutical Microbiology Sixth Edition.pdf

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

EDITED BY

W.B.HUGO

BPharm PhD FRPharmS

Formerly Reader in Pharmaceutical Microbiology

University of Nottingham

AND

A.D.RUSSELL

Bpharm DSc PhD FRPharmS FRCPath

Professor of Pharmaceutical Microbiology

University of Wales Cardiff

Cardiff

SIXTH EDITION

Blackwell

Science

Blackwell Science Ltd

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is available from the British Library

ISBN 0-632-04196X

Library of Congress

Cataloging-in-publication Data

Pharmaceutical microbiology

edited by W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russell.

—6th ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and

index.

ISBN0-632-04196-X

1. Pharmaceutical in microbiology.

2. Anti-infective agents.

I. Hugo, W.B. (William Barry)

II. Russell, A.D. (Allan Denver),

1936-

QR46.5.P48 1998

615'.1'01579—dc21

97-31976

CIP

First published 1977

Second edition 1980

Third edition 1983

Reprinted 1986

Fourth edition 1987

Reprinted 1989, 1991

Italian Edition 1991

Fifth edition 1992

Reprinted 1993, 1994, 1995

Sixth edition 1998

Set by Setrite Typesetters Ltd,

Hong Kong

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

The Blackwell Science logo is a

trade mark of Blackwell Science Ltd,

registered at the United Kingdom

Trade Marks Registry

Contents

Contributors, vii

Preface to the Sixth Edition, ix

Preface to the First Edition, x

Part 1 Biology of Microorganisms

1 Bacteria, 3

W. B. Hugo

2 Yeasts and moulds, 35

J. R. Dickinson

3 Viruses, 53

D. J. Stickler

4 Principles of microbial pathogenicity and epidemiology, 75

P. Gilbert

Part 2 Antimicrobial Agents

5 Types of antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents, 91

A. D. Russell

6 Clinical uses of antimicrobial drugs, 130

R. G. Finch

7 Manufacture of antibiotics, 149

S. A. Varian

8 Mechanisms of action of antibiotics, 162

P. A. Lambert

9 Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, 181

E. G. M. Power

10 Chemical disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives, 201

E. M. Scott &S.P. Gorman

11 Evaluation of non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents, 229

W. B. Hugo & A. D. Russell

12 Mode of action of non-antibiotic antibacterial agents, 256

W. B. Hugo

13 Resistance to non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents, 263

A. D. Russell

14 Fundamentals of immunology, 278

J. R. Furr

15 The manufacture and quality control of immunological products, 304

F W. Sheffield

16 Vaccination and immunization, 321

P. Gilbert & D. G. Allison

Part 3 Microbial Aspects of Pharmaceutical Processing

17 Ecology of microorganisms as it affects the pharmaceutical industry, 339

E. Underwood

18 Microbial spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products, 355

E. G. Beveridge

19 Contamination of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in hospital and community

environments, 374

R. M. Baird

20 Principles and practice of sterilization, 385

S. P. Denyer & N. A. Hodges

21 Sterile pharmaceutical products, 410

M. C. Allwood

22 Factory and hospital hygiene and good manufacturing practice, 426

S. P. Denyer

23 Sterilization control and sterility assurance, 439

S. P. Denyer & N. A. Hodges

24 Production of therapeutically useful substances by recombinant DNA

technology, 453

S. B. Primrose

25 Additional applications of microorganisms in the pharmaceutical

sciences, 469

A. D. Russell

Index, 493

Contributors

D. G. ALLISON BSc, PhD, Lecturer in Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester

M. C. A L L W O O D BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Professor of Clinical Pharmaceutics,

Pharmacy Academic Practice Unit, School of Health and Community Studies, University of

Derby, Mickleover, Derby

R. M. B AIR D BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Research Fellow of the Daphne Jackson

Memorial Fellowships Trust, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath,

Bath

E.G.BEVERIDGE BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, MIBiol, CBiol, MIQA, Principal

Lecturer in Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, University of

Sunderland, Sunderland

S.RDENYER BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Professor of Pharmaceutical and Applied

Microbiology and Head, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb,

Brighton

J. R. DICKINSON BSc, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Yeast Molecular Biology, School of

Pure & Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff

R. G. FIN C H MB, ChB, FRCP, FRCPath, FFPM, Consultant Physician in Microbial

Diseases, City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, and Professor of Infectious Diseases,

Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Queen's Medical

Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

J. R. F U R R MPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Lecturer in Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Welsh

School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff

R GIL B E RT BSc, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester

S.R GORMAN BSc, PhD, MPSNI, Professor of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School

of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast

N. A. H O D G E S BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Principal Lecturer in Pharmaceutical

Microbiology, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton

W. B.HUGO BPharm, PhD, FRPharmS, Formerly Reader in Pharmaceutical

Contributors

vii

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