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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
MEDICAL DEVICES AND
INSTRUMENTATION
Second Edition
VOLUME 2
Capacitive Microsensors for Biomedical Applications – Drug Infusion Systems
 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICAL DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTATION, SECOND EDITION
Editor-in-Chief
John G. Webster
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Edward S. Sternick
Tufts–New England Medical Center
Editorial Board
David Beebe
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Editorial Staff
Vice President, STM Books: Janet Bailey
Associate Publisher: George J. Telecki
Editorial Director: Sean Pidgeon
Director, Book Production and Manufacturing:
Camille P. Carter
Production Manager: Shirley Thomas
Illustration Manager: Dean Gonzalez
Senior Production Editor: Kellsee Chu
Editorial Program Coordinator: Surlan Murrell
Jerry M. Calkins
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Michael R. Neuman
Michigan Technological University
Joon B. Park
University of Iowa
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
MEDICAL DEVICES AND
INSTRUMENTATION
Second Edition
Volume 2
Capacitive Microsensors for Biomedical Applications – Drug Infusion Systems
Edited by
John G. Webster
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation is available online at
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emdi
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
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Copyright # 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encylopedia of medical devices & instrumentation/by John G. Webster,
editor in chief. – 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Encyclopedia of medical devices and instrumentation. 1988.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13 978-0-471-26358-6 (set : cloth)
ISBN-10 0-471-26358-3 (set : cloth)
ISBN-13 978-0-470-04067-6 (v. 2 : cloth)
ISBN-10 0-470-04067-x (v. 2 : cloth)
1. Medical instruments and apparatus–Encyclopedias. 2. Biomedical engineering–Encyclopedias. 3. Medical physics–Encyclopedias.
4. Medicine–Data processing–Encyclopedias. I. Webster, John G.,
1932- . II. Title: Encyclopedia of medical devices and instrumentation.
[DNLM: 1. Equipment and Supplies–Encyclopedias–English. W 13
E555 2006]
R856.A3E53 2006
610.2803–dc22
2005028946
Printed in the United States of America
10987654321
CONTRIBUTOR LIST
A BDEL H ADY ,M AZEN , McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario Canada, Bladder Dysfunction, Neurostimulation
of
A BEL , L.A., University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
Ocular Motility Recording and Nystagmus
A BREU ,B EATRIZ C., Transitional Learning Center at Gal-
veston, Galveston, Texas, Rehabilitation, Computers in
Cognitive
A LEXANDER , A.L., University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madi-
son, Wisconsin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
A LI ,A BBAS , University of Illinois, at Urbana-Champaign,
Bioinformatics
A LI ,M ¨ FT ¨ , School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachu-
setts, Tooth and Jaw, Biomechanics of
A LPERIN ,N OAM , University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois, Hydrocephalus, Tools for Diagnosis and Treat-
ment of
A NSON ,D ENIS , College Misericordia, Dallas, Pennsylvania,
Environmental Control
A RENA ,J OHN C., VA Medical Center and Medical College of
Georgia, Biofeedback
A RIEL ,G IDEON , Ariel Dynamics, Canyon, California, Biome-
chanics of Exercise Fitness
A RMSTRONG ,S TEVE , University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,
Biomaterials for Dentistry
A SPDEN , R.M., University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United
Kingdom, Ligament and Tendon, Properties of
A UBIN , C.E., Polytechniquie Montreal, Montreal Quebec,
Canada, Scoliosis, Biomechanics of
A YRES ,V IRGINIA M., Michigan State University, East Lan-
sing, Michigan, Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling
A ZANGWE ,G., Ligament and Tendon, Properties of
B ACK ,L LOYD H., California Institute of Technology, Pasa-
dena, California, Coronary Angioplasty and Guidewire
Diagnostics
B ADYLAK ,S TEPHEN F., McGowan Institute for Regenerative
Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sterilization of Bio-
logic Scaffold Materials
B ANDYOPADHYAY ,A MIT , Washington State University, Pull-
man, Washington, Orthopedic Devices, Materials and
Design for
B ANERJEE ,R UPAK K., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,
Ohio, Coronary Angioplasty and Guidewire Diagnostics
B ARBOUR ,R ANDALL L., State University of New York Down-
state Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, Peripheral
Vascular Noninvasive Measurements
B ARKER ,S TEVEN J., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,
Oxygen Monitoring
B ARTH ,R OLF F., The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
B ECCHETTI , F.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi-
gan, Radiotherapy, Heavy Ion
B ELFORTE ,G UIDO , Politecnico di Torino – Department of
Mechanics, Laryngeal Prosthetic Devices
B ENKESER ,P AUL , Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
Georgia, Biomedical Engineering Education
B ENNETT ,J AMES R., University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,
Digital Angiography
B ERSANO -B EGEY ,T OMMASO , University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, Microbioreactors
B IGGS ,P ETER J., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massa-
chusetts, Radiotherapy, Intraoperative
B IYANI ,A SHOK , University of Toledo, and Medical College of
Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, Human Spine, Biomechanics of
B LOCK , W.F., University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B LUE ,T HOMAS E., The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
B LUMSACK ,J UDITH T., Disorders Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama, Audiometry
B OGAN ,R ICHARD K., University of South Carolina, Colum-
bia, South Carolina, Sleep Laboratory
B OKROS ,J ACK C., Medical Carbon Research Institute, Aus-
tin, Texas, Biomaterials, Carbon
B ONGIOANNINI ,G UIDO , ENT Division Mauriziano Hospital,
Torino, Italy, Laryngeal Prosthetic Devices
B ORAH ,J OSHUA , Applied Science Laboratories, Bedford,
Massachusetts, Eye Movement, Measurement Techni-
ques for
B ORDEN ,M ARK , Director of Biomaterials Research, Irvine,
California, Biomaterials, Absorbable
B ORTON ,B ETTIE B., Auburn University Montgomery, Mont-
gomery, Alabama, Audiometry
B ORTON ,T HOMAS E., Auburn University Montgomery, Mont-
gomery, Alabama, Audiometry
B OSE S USMITA ,, Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington, Orthopedic Devices, Materials and Design
for
B OVA ,F RANK J., M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando,
Orlando, FL, Radiosurgery, Stereotactic
B RENNER ,D AVID J., Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, New York, Computed Tomography Screening
B REWER ,J OHN M., University of Georgia, Electrophoresis
B RIAN ,L.D AVIS , Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland
Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Skin, Biomechanics
of
B RITT , L.D., Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
B RITT , R.C., Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
Virginia, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
B ROZIK ,S USAN M., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquer-
que, New Mexico, Microbial Detection Systems
B RUNER ,J OSEPH P., Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee, Intrauterine Surgical
Techniques
B RUNSWIG N EWRING ,K IRK A., University of Nevada, Reno,
Nevada, Sexual Instrumentatio n
B RUYANT ,P HILIPPE P., University of Massachusetts, North
Worcester, Massachusetts, Nuclear Medicine, Computers
in
B UNNELL ,B ERT J., Bunnell Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, High
Frequency Ventilation
C ALKINS ,J ERRY M., Defense Research Technologies, Inc.,
Rockville, Maryland, Medical Gas Analyzers
C ANNON ,M ARK , Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois,
Resin-Based Composites
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