IB_Financial_mini_Glossary_Polish.pdf

Intelligent Business

Intermediate Mini-Dictionary - Polish

accountable adj responsible for the effects of your actions odpowiedzialny : Managers are

accountable for the performance of their employees . Synonyms responsible [+ for] adj

[ odpowiedzialny ]

achievement n [C] something that you succeed in doing by your own efforts osiągnięcie :

Designing the first laptop computer was one of his greatest achievements . Î achieve v [T]

[ osiągać ] Î achiever n [C] [ osoba, ktra osiągnęła sukces]

aid n [U] assistance given to a country or organisation in difficulty pomoc : The World Bank is

repeating its call for rich countries to increase the amount of aid given to the poorest nations. Î

aid v [T] [ udzielać pomocy ]

analysis n [C] the work of studying data and information analiza : Detailed analysis of our results

shows that productivity has increased only marginally . Î analyse v [T] [ analizować ] Î analyst n

[C] [ analityk ] Collocations financial analysis

applicant n [C] a person who is applying for a position wnioskodawca : All applicants are asked to

provide a letter of reference . Î apply [+ for] [ składać wniosek ] v [I] Î application n [C] [ wniosek ]

Synonyms candidate n [C] [ kandydat ]

appraise v (T) to assesss the value of something ocena, wycena . Staff are regularly appraised to

see if they have met the objectives that they are given : The department manager will appraise

each employee individually. Î appraisal n [C][ ocena ] Î appraisee n [C] [ osoba oceniana ] Î

appraisor n [C][ taksator, osoba oceniająca ] Collocations annual appraisal, performance

appraisal

asset n [C] something belonging to an individual or business that has value or the power to earn

money aktywa : The company has recently sold some of its assets to an Australian investor.

Collocations tangible assets, intangible assets, fixed assets, liquid assets

assign v [T] give someone a particular task to do przydzielić : Employees are assigned duties that

correspond to their skills and training . Î assignment n [C] [ przydzielenie]

authority 1 n [U] the power to impose decisions władze : The managers in our company have a

great deal of authority . Î authorise v (T) [ upoważnić ]Î authorisation n [U][ upoważnienie ] Î

authoritative adj [ autorytatywny, uprawniony ] Î authoritarian adj [ autorytatywny ] Collocations

lines of authority 2 n [C] a public institution which is in charge of enforcing regulations or

administering a government service: The public health authority.

autonomy n [U] the freedom to make your own decisions without having to request authorisation

autonomia : IÓve always believed that itÓs best to give staff as much autonomy as possible. Î

autonomous adj [ autonomiczny ]

back office n [C] the departments of a financial company where routine admistrative tasks are done without direct

contact with customers zaplecze : Efficient management of the back office can reduce costs.

balance sheet n [C] a statement showing the wealth of a business or organisation at a particular

date bilans . The balance sheet has two parts showing assets and liabilities: Buildings and

machinery are assets that should be listed on the balance sheet. Synonyms statement of

financial position n [C] AmE [sprawozdanie finansowe]

bankrupt adj unable to pay your debts zbankrutowany : The company is almost bankrupt and will

need to secure a loan to survive . Î bankrupt v, n [C] [ bankrutować, bankrut ]Î bankruptcy n [U]

[ bankructwo ] Synonyms insolvent adj AmE [ niewypłacalność ]

barrier to entry n [C] any factor which prevents new competition from entering a market bariery wejścia : A

strong brand can become a barrier to entry in some markets, while a simple product cannot.

benefit n [C] an advantage or an improvement korzyść : One benefit of the new design is that it can be installed

easily . Î benefit [+ from] v [ korzystać (z czegoś)] Î beneficial adj [ korzystny ]

bid n [C] an offer to buy something at a stated price oferta : All bids must be submitted in writing . Î

bid v [I,T] [ uzczestniczyć w przetargu] Î bidder n [C] [ uczestnik przetargu] Î bidding n [U]

[ przetarg] Synonyms offer n [C] [ oferta] Collocations make/accept/reject a bid, takeover bid

board n [C] the group of directors elected by the shareholders to manage a company zarząd : The

board has approved the directorÓs salary. Collocations board of directors, board meeting,

boardroom

borderline n [C] the point at which one thing ends and another begins granica : Many products fall

into the borderline between different product categories Î borderline adj [ graniczny]

bottom line n [C] the last line on a financial document which shows the final result (total profit

once all costs have been deducted) wynik końcowy : Falling sales are going to have a negative

impact on the bottom line.

boycott n [C] a protest where people refuse to buy or use a product or service bojkot : The

consumer group is calling for the boycott of all tobacco products . Î boycott v [T] [ bojkotować]

brand n [C] the identity of a product or service marka : Eastman Kodak is a premier brand in traditional and digital

imaging . Î brand v [T] [ znakować ] Collocations brand image, brand leader, brand loyalty, brand manager, brand

management, brand name, brand-stretching, cross-branding, own brand, premium brand

breakthrough n [C] an important new discovery przełom : The iMac was a major breakthrough in

computer design . Collocations make a breakthrough

budget n [C] an account of probable future income and expenditure during a fixed period budżet :

We are currently preparing the budget for next year. Î budget v [ I] [ budżetować ] Î budgetary

adj [ budżetowy ] Collocations be on / over / under budget, budget deficit, budget surplus, meet a

budget

business practices n [plural] the methods used to conduct business zasady prowadzenia

działalności : The company is running a scheme to encourage best business practices.

business process n [C] any activity that is essential for a firm to conduct its business działalność : Organisations

that have complete control over their business processes are the most productive. Collocations business process

re-engineering

business to business abbreviation B2B adj refers to any business or correspondence

between two companies relacje pomiędzy dwoma firmami : The B2B sector will be the biggest

growth area in internet traffic.

campaign n [C] a planned operation which aims to achieve a particular result kampania : A new

campaign by activists has forced the company to reconsider some of its policies. Î campaign v

[I] [+ for/against] [ prowadzić kampanię] Î campaigner n [C] [ osoba prowadząca kampanię]

Collocations advertising campaign, marketing campaign, political campaign

charity n [C] a non profit-making organisation that collects goods and money in order to provide

assistance działalność charytatywna : The charity managed to raise ¢3m for homeless people in

the UK.

coach 1 n [C] person who is responsible for training a team or an individual instruktor : HeÓs a very

successful football coach . 2 v [T] to train people to help them to acquire particular skills szkolić :

IÓm responsible for coaching two new people in the department.

company n [C] a legally registered business spłka handlowa . There are many different types of

companies: holding company (holds the share capital of one or more other companies) [ holding]

joint stock company (registered company or limited company) [ spłka akcyjna] public limited or

listed company (company whose shares are traded on the stock exchange) [ spłka z

ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością] subsidiary [ filia ] (company owned by a parent company

[ spłka matka ]) Synonyms corporation n [ C] AmE [ korporacja ] concern n [C] [ koncern ] business

n [C] [ firma ]

compensation n [U] payment, including salary and other incentives like stock options

wynagrodzenie : The best paid executives received more than $10 million in compensation last

year . Î compensate v [T] [ wynagradzać ] Collocations compensation deal, compensation

package

competition n [U] rivalry between businesses that are operating in the same market konkurencja :

The competition is getting tougher every year. Î compete v [I] [ konkurować ] Î competitor n

[C][ konkurent ] Î competitive adj [ konkurencyjny ] Î competitiveness n [U] [ konkurencyjność ]

Collocations competitive advantage

consortium n [C] an association between two or more companies to work together on a specific

project (usually a major construction or engineering project) konsorcjum : SK Gas has formed a

consortium with automakers to produce gas-powered vehicles.

consumer n [C] a person who buys products and/or services konsument : Nokia is committed to providing

consumers with the information they need . Î consume v [T] [ konsumować] Î consumption n [U] [ konsumpcja ]

Collocations consumer goods, consumer research, consumer survey

contract n [C] a document setting out an agreement between two or more parties kontrakt : Under

the new contract the company becomes the exclusive distributor for North America . Î contractor

n [C] [ zleceniobiorca ] Î sub-contractor n [C] [ pod-zleceniobiorca ] Collocations agree a contract,

be under contract, breach a contract, negotiate a contract, review a contract, sign a contract,

terminate a contract

copycat n [C] the term for someone who copies the work of another person plagiator : The Australian government

has announced that it is cracking down on copycats.

piece of software prawa autorskie : All of the graphics and editorial content on this site are

protected under US copyright.

correspondence n [U] writing, receiving and answering letters korespondencja : IÓm catching up

on my correspondence . Î correspond v [I] [ korespondować]

cost 1 n [C] the price paid for something koszt : The total cost for the new equipment will be

$50,000 . 2 the money that is required to produce or sell something koszty : It looks like

production and labour costs will be higher than we expected . Î cost v [I] [ kosztować ] Synonym

overheads n [C] [ koszty oglne ] Collocations fixed costs, variable costs, cost-cutting, cost

control, cost-effective, occur a cost

cover letter n [C] a letter written to an employer in response to a job advertisement pismo

przewodnie : Candidates should send a cover letter with a copy of their CV.

currency n [C] the type of money that is used by a particular country or trading bloc waluta : The

euro is the currency of most member states of the European Union. Synonyms money n [U]

[ pieniądze] Collocations foreign currency, hard currency, currency dealer, currency exchange

rate, currency trading

curriculum vitae abbreviation CV n [C] a document that gives details of a personÓs experience

and qualifications życiorys : Her CV is fairly typical for a business graduate . Synonyms resum n

[C] AmE [ życiorys ]

damages n [plural] an amount of money paid to a person who has suffered an injustice

odszkodowanie : The company paid damages to staff who were unfairly dismissed.

database n [C] an organised set of information stored in a computer baza danych : WeÓre currently updating all our

customer files in the database.

deadline n [C] the date by which something has to be completed termin wykonania : The deadline

for applications has been extended until the 25 May. Collocations fix a deadline, meet a

deadline, miss a deadline, set a deadline

dealer n [C] a person who specialises in trading a particular type of goods dealer : The company

only uses authorised dealers who are fully trained . Î deal n [C] [ transakcja] Î deal v [I,T]

[ handlować] Collocations foreign exchange dealer, broker-dealer, dealership,

make/reach/conclude a deal, raw deal

debt relief n [U] the cancellation or reduction of a debt umorzenie długu : The government is

firmly committed to a programme of debt relief.

defraud v [T] to cheat another person by taking something that they own defraudacja : He

admitted defrauding his employer of more than ¢2m.

delegate v [T] to give responsibility to someone at a lower level in the hierarchy to enable them to

take decisions udzielać pełnomocnictwa : Managers need to delegate more routine tasks to

junior members of staff . Î delegation n [U] [ delegacja, przekazanie ]

demand n [C,U] the quantity required to supply orders popyt : Total petroleum demand has

increased by one per cent. Collocations supply and demand

demonstration n [C] a march to publicly protest about something demonstracja : The

demonstration will take place at G7 summit on 10 June.

design v [T] to make a drawing or plan of something that will be made projektować : At the

moment sheÓs designing a new range of furniture to be used in schools . Î design n [C] [ projekt ]

Î designer n [C] [ projektant ] Î designed adj [ zaprojektowany ] Collocations designer goods,

designer label, designer ware

development 1 n [C] the growth and expansion of a business, industry or economy rozwj : The

OECD provides advice and assistance on all aspects of development . 2 research to produce

new, improved products opracowanie : Our company is actively pursuing the development of

new biotechnology solutions. 3 a change or alteration zmiana : Another recent development has

been the arrival of Asian companies on the market . Î developer n [C] [ developer ] Î developing

adj [ rozwijający się] Collocations research and development (R&D), developing countries

distribution n [U] the arrangements and activities required in order to get goods from the

manufacturer to the consumer dystrybucja : Distribution is organised via a product list.

downsize v [I] to reduce the number of employees in an organisation redukcja zatrudnienia : European companies

are continuing to downsize their manufacturing operations. Î downsize v [T] [ redukować zatrudnienie ] Synonyms

lay off v [ T] [ zwolnić ]

e-business n [ U] business to business relationships conducted using internet technology e-

biznes : IBM is one of the leading suppliers of e-business solutions.

e-commerce n [U] selling activities that are conducted using internet technology e-handel : Some

consumers still lack confidence in e-commerce.

empower v [T] give someone the power or ability to do something upoważniać : Staff are

empowered to shape their career development. Î empowerment n [U] [ upoważnienie ]

enforce v [T| to make people obey a law or rule egzekwować : Enforcing a patent can be a long

and expensive process. Î enforcement n [U] [ egzekwowanie] Î enforceable adj [ możliwy do

wyegzekwowania]

entrepreneur n [C] someone who starts a company, arranges business deals and takes risks

przedsiębiorca : Entrepreneurs have always played a key role in the economy. Î entrepreneurial

adj [ przedsiębiorczy ] Î entrepreneurship n [U] [ przedsiębiorczość ]

expense 1 n [C] money spent wydatek : We have significantly reduced our expenses over the last

five years. Î expenditure n [C] [wydatki] Synonyms spending n [U] [ wydatki] 2 n [C] money spent

by an employee that can be claimed back [ koszty podlegające zwrotowi ]: I put the restaurant bill

on expenses. Collocations expense account, expenses claim form, claim expenses

fair trade n [U] a movement which promotes fairer trading conditions for developing countries

handel oparty na zasadach wzajemności w polityce celnej : Fair trade gives consumers an

opportunity to help change the world.

fake n [C] a copy or imitation of a genuine article podrbka : Experts have identified the

components as fakes . Î fake v [T] [ oszukiwać] Synonyms copy v [C] [ kopiować] Î copy n [C]

[ kopia]

feature n [C] an important part of something cecha : The programme has a number of interesting

new features . Î feature v [T] [ cechować się ] Synonyms characteristic n [C] [ charakterystyka ]

Collocations product features, special features

file-swapping n [U] exchanging files between computers on a network wymiana plikw : Record

companies tried to close down the illegal file-swapping website.

financial statement n [C] a document showing the state of the finances of an organisation or

business sprawozdanie finansowe : Financial statements must be completed by the end of

August.

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