Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists 2d ed - Adrian A. Hopgood.pdf - AI, Pattern matching, Data Modelling & Analysis - Yohoho25

Second Edition

Intelligent Systems

Engineers and

Scientists

for

Second Edition

Intelligent Systems

Engineers and

Scientists

Adrian A. Hopgood

CRC Press

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

for

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hopgood, Adrian A.

Intelligent systems for engineers and scientists / Adrian A.

Hopgood.--2nd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-0456-3

1. Expert systems (Computer science) 2. Computer-aided engineering.

I. Title.

QA76.76.E95 H675 2000

006.3

02462--dc21

00-010341

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material

is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable

efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot

assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic

or mechanical, including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or

retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for

creating new works, or for resale. Speciﬁc permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC

for such copying.

Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are

used only for identiﬁcation and explanation, without intent to infringe.

Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-0456-3

Library of Congress Card Number 00-010341

Printed in the United States of America 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

′3′

Trademark Notice:

Preface

“Intelligent systems” is a broad term, covering a range of computing

techniques that have emerged from research into artificial intelligence. It

includes symbolic approaches — in which knowledge is explicitly expressed

in words and symbols — and numerical approaches such as neural networks,

genetic algorithms, and fuzzy logic. In fact, many practical intelligent systems

are a hybrid of different approaches. Whether any of these systems is really

capable of displaying intelligent behavior is a moot point. Nevertheless, they

are extremely useful and they have enabled elegant solutions to a wide variety

of difficult problems.

There are plenty of other books available on intelligent systems and

related technologies, but I hope this one is substantially different. It takes a

practical view, showing the issues encountered in the development of applied

systems. I have tried to describe a wide range of intelligent systems

techniques, with the help of realistic problems in engineering and science. The

examples included here have been specifically selected for the details of the

techniques that they illustrate, rather than merely to survey current practice.

The book can be roughly divided into two parts. Chapters 1 to 10 describe

the techniques of intelligent systems, while Chapters 11 to 14 look at four

broad categories of applications. These latter chapters explore in depth the

design and implementation issues of applied systems, together with their

advantages and difficulties. The four application areas have much in common,

as they all concern automated decision making, while making the best use of

the available information.

The first edition of this book was published as Knowledge-Based Systems

for Engineers and Scientists . It was adopted by the Open University for its

course T396: Artificial Intelligence for Technology and, as a result, I have

received a lot of useful feedback. I hope that this new edition addresses the

weaknesses of the previous one, while retaining and building upon its

strengths. As well as updating the entire book, I have added new chapters on

intelligent agents, neural networks, optimization algorithms (especially genetic

algorithms), and hybrid systems. A new title was therefore needed to reflect

the broader scope of this new edition. Intelligent Systems for Engineers and

Scientists seems appropriate, as it embraces both the explicit knowledge-based

models that are retained from the first edition and the implicit numerical

models represented by neural networks and optimization algorithms.

I hope the book will appeal to a wide readership. In particular, I hope that

students will be drawn toward this fascinating area from all scientific and

engineering subjects, not just from the computer sciences. Beyond academia,

the book will appeal to engineers and scientists who either are building

intelligent systems or simply want to know more about them.

The first edition was mostly written while I was working at the Telstra

Research Laboratories in Victoria, Australia, and subsequently finished upon

my return to the Open University in the UK. I am still at the Open University,

where this second edition was written.

Many people have helped me, and I am grateful to them all. The following

all helped either directly or indirectly with the first edition (in alphabetical

order): Mike Brayshaw, David Carpenter, Nicholas Hallam, David Hopgood,

Sue Hopgood, Adam Kowalzyk, Sean Ogden, Phil Picton, Chris Price, Peter

Richardson, Philip Sargent, Navin Sullivan, Neil Woodcock, and John Zucker.

I am also indebted to those who have helped in any way with this new

edition. I am particularly grateful to Tony Hirst for his detailed suggestions for

inclusion and for his thoughtful comments on the drafts. I also extend my

thanks to Lars Nolle for his helpful comments and for supplying Figures 7.1,

7.7, and 8.18; to Jon Hall for his comments on Chapter 5; to Sara Parkin and

Carole Gustafson for their careful proofreading; and to Dawn Mesa for making

the publication arrangements. Finally, I am indebted to Sue and Emily for

letting me get on with it. Normal family life can now resume.

Adrian Hopgood

www.adrianhopgood.com

Email me: adrian.hopgood@ntu.ac.uk

Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists 2d ed - Adrian A. Hopgood.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: