Illustrated history of USA.pdf
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Bryn O'Callaghan
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AN
ILLUSTRATED
HISTORY
OF THE
-
-
Longman
USA
-
'
•••
Pe arson Ed ucat io n Limi ted ,
Ed inburgh
Gall",
Ha rlow,
Essex
CM2Q 2JE.
Eng land
and Associa ted Compa n ies th ro ug ho u t
the
w or ld .
1M
1',," ,.1
!iw...
b~'
t) .
II. (l" C.II.!'=h.n. Pubh , hrd by l ""I\"1Jn, 1'''' ''-,: p. 34
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1"'""" '"
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Dnip
by: Sylvia T..,
k·,
British Lib ra ry Ca ta log ing in Publica tion Data
O ' Calla ghan,
D.B. (De n n is Brynley),
1931-
An illu strat ed hi story o f the U.S.A.
1. Un ited Sta tes, h is to ry
J.
Title
973
Set in 10 /1 2 pi Bembo
Printed in Ch ina
EPC/17
I SB N 0 582 74921 2
Ackn o wledgements
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p,
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Yor k SUIf " ', " .. ..-. [ A,«X"iouon . Coop<"f'MO""n ; p . 33 "'o n,
Ii"" ...... /' ..
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CO NTE N TS
A
N EW WO HL D
1 T hc, first A mericans
2 Ex plo rers fro m Europe
3 Vi rg inian beg in nings
4 Pur itan New Eng land
5 Coloniallife in A m er ica
6 T he roots o f revolution
7 Fig hting
fO T
independ ence
4
H
12
\6
20
24
2H
A
N EW NATION
8 Form ing rhc, ne w nati o n
9 Years oj'growth
to
Wl'st to rill'
Pacifi c
t
1 North and So uth
12 Th
l ,
er-n
Wa r
t 3 Rcconsrructi on
.12
3(,
40
44
50
54
14 M ina s. railr o ad s and cat tle men
15 Farm ing
lI1L'
G reat Plains
16 T h e Amerindi an s' last sta nd
17 lu vcn ro rs and ind ust ries
18 T Ill' Colden Door
19 Refo r m er s an d
p ro gressive s
20 All
Am erican em pire
T W E N TI ET II C E N TU R Y
A M EUI C A N S
21 A wa r and a
P l' ;I Ct'
22 The Roa rin g Twenties
23 C rash and d epre ssion
24 Roosev elt 's New D eal
25 Th(,-' A rsenal
of
D em o cracy
26 Prosp erit y and p ro blems
27 Blar k A me ricans
HH
9.2
W,
1()()
104
lOS
11 2
S UP EU POW EU
28 Cold W:tr ;llld
KOrl'J
II ()
29 A balan ce ofte rr o r
120
30 T hl' Vietn am yea rs
12~
3 1
Am erica's
back ya rd
12H
33
T hl'
Am er ican Ccuru ry
\.12
A d d itional infor m a t ion o n illustra ti o ns
I
~o
In d e x
141
32 An end
to
Cold
W J r ?
\.1(,
A
NEW WORLD
1
TH E FIR ST A M ER I CA NS
islan ds d ose to th e m ainland ofludia. For th is reaso n
he called the friend ly, brown-s k in ned people who
greeted him "los Ind io s" - Indians.
In
f~([.
Colu m bus was
11()(
nc ar Ind ia. h w as not
till'
ed ge o f Asia that he h ad reached. but islan d s
offthe
sho res o f a new co n tinen t. European s would soon
name th e new cont ine nt Am eri ca. b u t for lTlan y years
th ey wc n r on calling its inh abitants Indi an s. Only
recently h ave th ese fir st Am erican s been described
m o re cccu rarcly as "native Ameri cans" o r
A
mcrindians.
There were mallYdiffc rrn r g ro u ps o f Amerindian s.
T ho se no rth of M exico , ill w hat is no w the U n ited
States and Canada. w ere scatte red across the
g rasslan ds and fo rests in sep arate g ro ups
called
"mbcs. " These rribcs followed very d iffe rent wa ys
oflife. SOI11l' we re hun ters. so me we re farm ers.
So me wert' peaceful. o thers wa rlike, They spo ke
o ver three hundred separate lan guages. so me o f
w hich we re as diff erent fro m o ne ano ther as En gli... h
is from Chinese.
CI ,ri.<f/'I'Iu,
C(,I",,,~,,s
.
.
1
" ",1,''''1''''.1,)' p,'rl r" i,
"I'
S,·h,I." ;''''''
J..I
"i,'",,,"'.
Euro peans called America " the N ew Wo rld ." Bm it
wa s no r
new
to
the Amer ind ians, T heir anc estors had
alread y been living the re fo r maybe 50,000 Y'ars
when C (11UlllbIlS ste pped on
to
the beac h in San
Salvad o r,
We say
"ma ybe"
because no bod y is com ple te ly sure.
Scicur isr... belie ve th at
till'
d istant an cesto rs ofthe
Anll'rindialls
G UIll'
to Am eri ca from Asia. T his
hap pen ed. thcv say , d urmg rhc earth's [a... t in ' ag e.
lo n g before peo ple be gan to make written record... .
At davbn-a k
o n
th e mo rnin g o f Friday. Au gu st
J
14lJ2,
;1Il
ltulinn adven tur er named Christo pher
Col u mbus set sail from Spai n to
find
a new way fror u
Europe to Asia. His aim was
to
o pen lip
J
sho rter
{talk ro ut e
between
th e two continents. in Asia. he
int ended to load his th ree small ships with silks.
sp ices and gold. and sail back to Europe
J
rich
111:111.
At that rime a br idg e oficc joined Asi a to Am eri ca
aero...... what is now the Berin g Strait. Hun ter ... fro rn
Siberia cro ssed this b ridge into Alask a. From Alaska
th e hunters mo ved so uth and cast
a CTOSS
America,
follo wing herd s ofcaribo u and buffa lo as the an ima ls
we nt from o ne feeding g ro un d
to
the
Ill'X L
Maybe
12.(
M)()
ye ars ag o. descend ant s o f these first
Amer icans w ere cro ssing the i... rhm n... o f l' uunm a int o
Columbu s first sailed so u th to the C anary Island s.
Then he turned w est acr oss th e unknown waters of
the m id - Atlan tic O cean. Ten wee ks after leav ing
Spain .
0 11
the morn ing ofO ctober 12. he step ped
ashore
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the beach ofa lo w sandy islan d. I
It-
named
the island Sail Salvad o r - i lo ly Savio r .
COhll11
b us
bel ieved that he had lauded in th e Ind ies, a
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of
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moniczka09
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