EC167_Guide.pdf

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L_English_Cafe_167_Guide.pdf
English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 167
TOPICS
Ask an American: underage drinking; to chalk (something) up to; fluke; quite;
ain’t; domino effect and chain reaction
_____________
GLOSSARY
access – the ability to get or have something; being able to enter a place
* Does that coffee shop have Internet access for customers who bring their
computers?
consistency – the practice of doing things the same way each time, without
changing anything
* Teachers in our school show consistency in how they grade their students’
essays.
rebellious – not doing the things that one is told to do; not doing the things that
one is supposed to do
* Maggie is very rebellious and always does the opposite of whatever her father
tells her to do.
binge drinking – drinking dangerous amounts of alcohol very quickly; drinking a
lot of alcohol in a short amount of time
* Some university students go binge drinking almost every weekend.
DUI / DWI – driving under the influence / driving while intoxicated; a ticket for
driving while one has had so much alcohol to drink that one’s body does not
function normally, so that one is driving dangerously
* I’ve had too much to drink. Can you give me a ride home so that I don’t get a
DUI?
assault – a physical attack to hurt another person
* We never walk on that street at night because we often read about assaults that
happen there.
date rape – when a woman is forced to have sex with a man whom she knows,
often a friend or someone she is dating
* Some women don’t want to report date rape to the police, because they think
that nobody will believe that they didn’t want to have sex with the man.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 167
to model (something) – to set an example; to show someone how to do
something
* Samantha is going to model the correct way to help a person who is choking.
sexually transmitted disease – a sickness or illness that is passed from one
person to another when they have sex
* AIDS is a very dangerous sexually transmitted disease.
unintended – not planned; something that happened even though nobody was
trying to make it happen
* The higher cost of food was an unintended consequence of using corn to create
ethanol for cars.
addiction – a physical need to do or have something, even if it hurts a person
* Do you think it’s possible to have an addiction to chocolate?
go ahead – a phrase used to invite someone to do something
* If you don’t believe me, go ahead and call the project leader to find out for
yourself.
to lower (something) – to reduce something; to decrease the amount of
something
* The doctor wants him to take some medicine that will lower his blood pressure.
to chalk (something) up to – to give credit to; to explain
* Craig’s business is failing, but he chalks it up to the bad economy, not his
management skills.
fluke – a mistake; an unexpected and unusual thing to happen
* The first time Jenna went bowling, she scored a perfect game, but she said it
was a fluke.
quite – exactly, completely; to a degree, to some extent; extremely so
* You don’t quite have the experience we’re looking for, but thank you for
applying for the job anyway.
ain’t – an informal contraction of am not, are not, is not and, in some dialects, do
not, does not, did not
* I ain’t someone who’s happy working in front of a computer all day. I need to
be outside!
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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 167
domino effect – the phenomenon where one thing happens and causes another
thing to happen, which causes another things to happen, which causes another
thing to happen, etc.
* When one store closes, it has a domino effect, because the people who used to
work there no longer have enough money to buy things in other stores, so those
stores have to close, too, and then those employees don’t have enough money
to buy things.
chain reaction – the phenomenon where something happens or changes and
causes many other things to happen or change, since they are all connected in
some way
* Mariah was always very unhealthy, but when she started to walk for an hour
each day, it started a chain reaction. She had more energy to exercise more,
and doing that made her want to eat better, which gave her even more energy
and made her want to exercise even more.
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2008). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 167
WHAT INSIDERS KNOW
The “Just Say ‘No’“ Campaign
In the 1980s, “recreational drug use” (the use of illegal drugs for fun and
entertainment) became increasingly popular. Americans and the U.S.
government were worried about drug addiction, and wanted to find ways to
“encourage” (get someone to do something) young people to not start taking
drugs. “First lady” (the wife of the U.S. president) Nancy Reagan thought that
this was an important “cause” (something that people need to work together to
change), and she became a leader for it.
Nancy Reagan “spearheaded” (led) a popular television advertising “campaign”
(a series of advertisements that have a similar style and send a single message)
called “Just Say ‘No’.” The campaign messages mostly “aired” (were shown on
TV or heard on the radio) in the 1980s and early 1990s. People, and especially
children, were encouraged to say ‘no’ to alcohol and other drugs, or to not use
illegal drugs. The “slogan” (a phrase repeated many times to share and spread a
message) of “Just Say ‘No’” was part of the United States’ “War on Drugs,” (a
long effort to decrease drug use and not let illegal drugs be sold in the United
States).
Over time, the “Just Say ‘No’” slogan began to be used for other things, like
encouraging children to say ‘no’ to violence and “premarital sex” (having sex
before one is married). Some people think that the slogan began to lose its
“effectiveness” (ability to do something well) as the message was “diluted”
(became less precise and specific). Other “critics” (people who say negative
things about something) thought that the “Just Say ‘No’” campaign “reduced”
(made something less important) the problem of drug addiction to a “cliché” (a
phrase that is repeated by many people but doesn’t have very much meaning or
importance).
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2008). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 167
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT
You’re listening to ESL Podcast’s English Café number 167.
This is ESL Podcast’s English Café episode 167. I’m your host, Dr. Jeff
McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development in
beautiful Los Angeles, California.
Our website is eslpod.com. On it, you can visit our ESL Podcast Store, which
has some additional courses in daily and business English that you will enjoy.
You can also download the Learning Guide for this episode, and every current
episode. The Learning Guide contains lots of additional information, including a
complete transcript of this episode, vocabulary words, definitions, sample
sentences, cultural notes, and a comprehension quiz on what you’re listening to
now.
On this Café, we’re going to have another one of our Ask an American segments,
where we listen to other native speakers talking at a normal rate of speech – at a
normal speed. We’re going to listen to them and explain what they are saying.
Today we’re going to talk about a topic that is controversial in the United States:
underage drinking, or young people who drink before they are 21 years old,
which is the legal age for drinking alcohol in the United States. As always, we’ll
answer a few of your questions as well. Let’s get started.
Our topic on this Café’s Ask an American segment is underage drinking.
“Underage” drinking happens when young people drink before they have reached
the legal drinking age. As I mentioned, in the United States, the legal drinking
age is 21. In other words, it’s against the law to drink alcohol before you are 21
years old. But many young people do it anyway.
In the past, different states had different drinking ages. Many states had a legal
drinking age of 18 years old. When I was in high school and in college, in my
state (the state of Minnesota) the drinking age was 19. The drinking age in the
state next to Minnesota, Wisconsin, was 18. So, states used to, in the past, have
different drinking ages. This, of course, would cause people to drive to the states
where the drinking age was lower. So, because it was 19 when I turned 19,
that’s when I could start drinking. But a few years later, in 1984, the U.S. federal
(or national) government passed (or approved) the National Minimum Drinking
Age “Act,” or law. This act (or law) made it illegal for anyone less than 21 years
old to buy or “possess,” that is, to have alcohol in public.
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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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