David M. Frim_Pediatric Neurosurgery2006.pdf

LANDES

BIOSCIENCE

a d e m e c u

Pediatric

Neurosurgery

David M. Frim

Nalin Gupta

vademecum

Pediatric Neurosurgery

David M. Frim, M.D., Ph.D.

Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics

University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

Nalin Gupta, M.D., Ph.D.

Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics

University of California San Francisco

San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

L A N D E S

B I O S C I E N C E

G EORGETOWN , T EXAS

U.S.A.

VADEMECUM

Pediatric Neurosurgery

LANDES BIOSCIENCE

Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any

information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the

publisher.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Please address all inquiries to the Publisher:

Landes Bioscience, 810 S. Church Street, Georgetown, Texas 78626, U.S.A.

Phone: 512/ 863 7762; FAX: 512/ 863 0081

ISBN: 1-57059-643-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Pediatric neurosurgery / [edited by] David Frim, Nalin Gupta.

p. ; cm. -- (Vademecum)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-57059-643-3

1. Nervous system--Surgery. 2. Children--Surgery. 3. Pediatric

neurology. I. Frim, David. II. Gupta, N. (Nalin), 1964- III. Series.

[DNLM: 1. Neurosurgical Procedures--Child. 2. Neurosurgical

Procedures--Infant. 3. Nervous System Diseases--surgery--Child. 4.

Nervous System Diseases--surgery--Infant. WL 368 P3713 2004]

RD593.P382 2004

617.4'8'0083--dc22

2003025395

While the authors, editors, sponsor and publisher believe that drug selection and dosage and

the specifications and usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord

with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication, they make no

warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to material described in this book. In view of the

ongoing research, equipment development, changes in governmental regulations and the

rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical sciences, the reader is urged to

carefully review and evaluate the information provided herein.

Dedication

This book is dedicated to our patients and their families.

Contents

Preface............................................................................ xi

1. Clinical Assessment of the Newborn, Infant

and Older Child .............................................................. 1

Nalin Gupta and Heather J. Fullerton

Neurological Assessment of the Neonate (<1 Month) .............................. 1

Neurological Assessment of the Older Child ............................................ 7

2. Diagnostic Imaging ......................................................... 9

Nathaniel A. Chuang

Technical Considerations ......................................................................... 9

Basic Concepts for Interpretation of CT and MRI Studies .................... 11

Trauma and Child Abuse ....................................................................... 17

Hydrocephalus ...................................................................................... 19

Pediatric Brain Tumors .......................................................................... 20

Congenital Malformations ..................................................................... 20

Neurocutaneous Syndromes .................................................................. 21

Cerebrovascular Disease ......................................................................... 21

Spinal Disorders .................................................................................... 25

3. Neurotrauma ................................................................. 66

Nathan R. Selden

Craniocerebral Trauma .......................................................................... 66

Spinal Trauma ....................................................................................... 84

Brachial Plexus Injury ............................................................................ 93

4. Brain Tumors ................................................................ 95

Nalin Gupta and James T. Rutka

Classification of Brain Tumors ............................................................... 95

Posterior Fossa Tumors .......................................................................... 99

Sellar Region Tumors ........................................................................... 102

Suprantentorial Hemispheric Tumors .................................................. 104

5. Neonatal Neurosurgery ............................................... 110

Max C. Lee and David M. Frim

Initial Evaluation ................................................................................. 110

Birth Injuries ....................................................................................... 110

Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ......................................................... 113

Congenital Anomalies of the Brain and Spinal Cord ............................ 115

Congenital Tumors .............................................................................. 116

Vascular Malformations ....................................................................... 116

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