UPP, E. L. (2001). Fluid Flow Measurement - A Practical Guide to Accurate Flow Measurement.pdf

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Fluid Flow
Measurement
A Practical Guide to
Accurate Flow
Measurement
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Fluid Flow
Measurement
A Practical Guide
to Accurate Flow
Measurement
Second Edition
E.L. Upp
Paul J. LaNasa
Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
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Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of ButterworthÎHeinemann.
Copyright ¨ 2002 by ButterworthÎHeinemann
A member of the Reed Elsevier group
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.
Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, ButterworthÎHeinemann
prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
ButterworthÎHeinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global
ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our envi-
ronment.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fluid flow measurement: a practical guide to accurate flow measurement / E.L. Upp,
Paul J. LaNasa.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-88415-758-X (alk. Paper)
1. Fluid dynamic measurements. 2. Flow meters. I. LaNasa, Paul J., 1941- II. Title.
TA357.5.M43 U66 2001
681Ó .28Ïdc21
2001030550
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
For information, please contact:
Manager of Special Sales
ButterworthÎHeinemann
225 Wildwood Avenue
Woburn, MA 01801Î2041
Tel: 781-904-2500
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For information on all Gulf Professional Publishing publications available, contact our World
Wide Web home page at: http://www.gulfpp.com
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
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Contents
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
CHAPTER 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter Overview, 1. Requisites of Flow Measurement, 2. Background
of Flow Measurement, 3. History of Flow Measurement, 4. Definition of
Terms, 6.
CHAPTER 2
Basic Flow Measurement Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Reynolds Number, 26. Gas Laws, 27. Expansion of Liquids, 31.
Fundamental Flow Equation, 32. References, 34.
CHAPTER 3
Types of Fluid Flow Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Custody Transfer, 36. Non-Custody Transfer Measurement, 46.
References, 47.
CHAPTER 4
Basic Reference Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
American Gas Association (AGA), 49. American Petroleum Institute
(API), 52. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 63.
American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), 64. Gas Processors
Association (GPA), 65. Instrument Society of America (ISA), 67.
CHAPTER 5
From Theory to Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
ÐIdealÑ Installations, 73. Non-Ideal Installations, 74. Fluid
Characteristics Data, 74. References, 90.
CHAPTER 6
Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
FluidsÏLiquids and Gases, 91. Fluid Characteristics, 97. Liquids, 104.
References, 108.
v
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