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Advanced Electrical Installation Work, Fourth Edition
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Advanced Electrical
Installation Work
Fourth Edition
TREVOR LINSLEY
Senior Lecturer
Blackpool and The Fylde College
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD
PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier
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Newnes
An imprint of Elsevier
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803
First published by Arnold 1998
Reprinted by Butterworth-Heinemann 2001, 2002, 2003 (twice), 2004 (twice)
Fourth edition 2005
Copyright © 2005, Trevor Linsley. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The right of Trevor Linsley to be identified as the author of this work has been
asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not
transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written
permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued
by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London,
England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to
reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights
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Whilst the advice and information in this book is believed to be true and accurate
at the date of going to press, neither the author nor the publisher can accept any legal
responsibility of liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
For information on all Newnes publications
visit our web site at www.newnespress.com
ISBN 0 7506 6626 9
Typeset by Charon Tec Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, India
www.charontec.com
Printed and bound in Great Britain
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CONTENTS
Preface
vii
Controlled Waste Regulations 1998
13
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) EU Directive 2005
14
1
Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA)
15
Health and safety at work
1
The Health and Safety At Work Act 1974
2
The Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998
4
16
4
Noise at Work Regulations 1989
16
The Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations 1988
The Environmental Health Officer
17
4
Laws protecting people
18
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at
Work Regulations 1992
Employment Rights Act 1996
18
5
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations
1981
RIDDOR
7
20
Data Protection Act 1998
20
8
Prejudice and discrimination
21
Dangerous Substances and Explosive
Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR)
The Race Relations Act 1976 (RRA) and
The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA)
8
8
9
Enforcement Law Inspectors
23
Building Regulations – Part P 2005
9
In-house Safety Representatives
24
Safe and effective working practices
25
10
Quality systems
25
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
(EWR)
Investors in People (IiP)
27
11
Health and safety applications
27
The IEE Wiring Regulations to
BS 7671:2001
VDU operation hazards
32
11
Manual handling
35
Environmental laws and regulations
12
Personal Protective Equipment
36
Environmental Protection Act 1990
12
Safety signs
38
Accidents at work
39
13
Fire control
40
Clean Air Act 1993
13
First aid
42
23
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iv
CONTENTS
Accident reports
45
On-site communications
155
Secure electrical isolation
46
Construction site – safe working practice
164
Permit-to-work system
49
Electrical safety systems
165
The world of work
50
Direct contact protection
165
Good customer relationships
50
Earth fault protection
167
Changing work patterns
51
Residual current protection
168
Electrical principles
52
Isolation and switching
168
Ohm’s law
52
Overcurrent protection
169
Resistivity
53
Semi-enclosed fuses (BS 3036)
170
Temperature coefficient
54
Cartridge fuses (BS 1361)
171
Resistors
54
Miniature circuit breakers (BS 3871)
172
Power and energy
58
Fusing factor
173
Alternating waveforms
60
Position of protective devices
173
Magnetism
61
Disconnection time calculations
174
Electromagnetism
62
Time/current characteristics of protective
devices
Electrostatics
67
175
Alternating current theory
73
Discrimination
175
Electrical machines
86
Earth fault loop impedance Z s
176
Direct current motors
86
Size of protective conductor
178
Three-phase a.c. motors
90
Cable selection/calculation
179
Single-phase a.c. motors
94
Electrical testing
182
Motor starters
95
Moving coil instruments
182
Remote control of motors
97
Moving iron instruments
184
Installation of motors
97
Damping
185
Motor maintenance
99
Making measurements
185
Power factor correction
100
Range extension
187
Transformers
102
Dynamometer wattmeter
189
Transformer losses
103
Measurement of power in a three-phase
circuit
Transformer efficiency
103
189
Transformer construction
104
Energy meter
190
Instrument transformers
106
Tong tester
191
Voltage transformers
106
Phase sequence testers
191
Current transformers
106
Test equipment used by electricians
191
Electricity supply systems
108
Test procedures
193
Low-voltage supply system
112
Live testing
194
Industrial wiring systems
117
Isolation of supply
194
Cables
119
Inspection and testing techniques
194
Installing cables
122
Certification and reporting
206
Protection of structures against lightning
(BS 6651)
Safe working procedures when testing
206
132
Portable appliance testing (PAT)
207
Exercises
136
Commissioning electrical systems
211
Exercises
211
146
3 Fault diagnosis and rectification
217
The building team
146
Symptoms of an electrical fault
217
The electrical team
147
Causes of electrical faults
217
Designing an electrical installation
148
Fault diagnosis
219
Legal contracts
148
Wiring circuits
219
Management systems
150
Designing out faults
227
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