A Guide to Ogam by Damian McManus (1991).pdf

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A GUIDE TO OGAM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE, The Ogam alphabet: Introduction
1
§ 1.1 Introductory remarks.
§1.2 The Ogam alphabet.
§1.3 The letter names.
§ 1.4 Terminology associated with Ogam.
§ 1.5 The Auraicept na nEces description of Ogam.
§ 1.6 The alphabetic character of Ogam.
§ 1.7 Problems of identifying the source alphabet.
CHAPTER TWO, The Ogam alphabet: The signary and its origins ....
6
§2.1 Introductory remarks.
§2.2 Conventional assessments of the efficacy of Ogam.
§2.3 The manual gesture alphabet theory.
§2.4 The Hahalruna theory.
§2.5 The numerical character of Ogam.
§2.6 The tally.
§2.7 Ogam as a tally.
§2.8 The inspiration of Ogam.
§2.9 Position marking as a cryptic and telegraphic device.
§2.10 Concluding remarks.
t.
CHAPTER THREE, The Ogam alphabet: The internal structure
and its origins
19
§3.1 Introductory remarks.
§3.2 The Irish origins of Ogam.
§3.3 The nature of the criteria for establishing the origin of Ogam.
§3.4 The questionable authenticity of the manuscript record and
the tyranny of the cipher theory.
§3.5 Macalister's Greek hypothesis.
§3.6 Arguments in favour of the runes.
§3.7 Arguments in favour of Latin.
§3.8 Discussion of §§3.6-7.
§3.9 The 'construct' approach.
§3.10 The Latin grammarians.
§3.11 The present state of the debate.
§3.12 Survey of points emerging from the debate.
§3.13 The manuscript record examined.
§3.14-15 The letter names.
§3.16 The nature of the manuscript record.
§3.17 Problems of dating the creation of Ogam.
APPENDIX 1
42
CHAPTER FOUR, The Ogam inscriptions: Introduction.............
44
§4.1 Introductory remarks.
§4.2 The orthodox inscriptions.
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_1
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§5.3:
§5.3:
§5.3 i
§4.3 The distribution of the inscriptions.
§4.4 The disposition of the inscriptions on the stones.
§4.5 The present condition of the inscriptions.
§4.6 The contents of the inscriptions.
§4.7 Identifying people commemorated in the inscriptions.
§4.8 Crosses accompanying the inscriptions.
§4.9 Christian versus pagan character of the inscriptions.
§4.10 Non-Ogam inscriptions accompanying Ogams.
§4.11 The British Ogam inscriptions.
§4.12 The importance of the British Ogams.
§4.13 Differences between British and Irish Ogams.
§4.14 British Ogams and the Irish language in Britain.
CHA
§6.1
§6.2
§6.3-
§6.3
§6.4
§6.5
§6.6
§6.7
§6.8
APPENDIX 2
.
65
§6.9
§6.H
§6.1 I
§6.1 I
§6.12
§6.13
§6.14
§6.14
§6.15
§6.16
§6.17
§6.19
§6.20
§6.21
§6.22
§6.23
§6.23
§6.24
§6.25
§6.26
§6.27
§6.28-
§6.28
§6.29
§6.30
§6.30
CHAPTER FIVE, The Ogam inscriptions: Dating
.
78
§5.1 Problems of absolute dating.
§5.2 Problems posed by the script.
§5.3 Scholastic characteristics and dating.
§5.4 Formulae and dating.
§5.5 Crosses and dating.
§5.6 Linguistic dating.
§ 5.7 MacNeill's archaizing hypothesis.
§5.8 Linguistic dating qualified.
§5.9 Periods in the history of the Irish language.
§5.10 General remarks on the applicability of linguistic criteria.
§5.11 Some Early Primitive Irish developments.
§5.12 Lenition.
§5.13 Shortening of long vowels in unstressed syllables.
§5.14 Vowel-affection.
§5.15 Apocope.
§5.16 Vocalization of certain consonant clusters.
§5.17 Syncope.
§5.18 Delabialization.
§5.19 Palatalization.
§5.20 Early Old Irish.
§5.21 Problems of absolute chronology.
§5.22 Relative chronology of inscriptions.
§5.23 The composition vowel 0 not a dating criterion.
§5.24 Inscriptions pre-dating vowel-a~fec~io~. ..
§5.25 The beginnings of vowel-affectIOn In InscnptIOns.
§5.26 Early post-apocope inscriptions. .
§5.27 Inscriptions showing apocope in all names but not In
formula words.
§5.28 Inscriptions showing complete apocope.
§5.29 Inscriptions showing syncope.
§5.30 The absolute dating of the inscriptions.
§5.31 Dating the British inscriptions.
§6.31
§6.32
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§5.32 Analysis and contrast with Irish Ogams.
§5.33 Problems posed by the contrasts in §5.32.
§5.34 The latest Irish orthodox inscriptions.
CHAPTER SIX, The Inscriptions: Nomenclature, Morphology,
Phonology and Orthography
101
§6.1 Introductory remarks.
§6.2 Types of Irish personal names recorded in Ogam.
§6.3-10 A: Compound names
§6.3 Most frequently occurring elements in initial and final position.
§6.4 Other elements in both positions.
§6.5 Divine names in initial position.
§6.6 Other elements in initial position.
§6.7 Frequently occmring elements in fmal position.
§6.8 Some problems with compound names.
§6.9 Classification of compound names.
§6.10 Meaning of compound names.
§6.11-13 B: Uncompounded monothematic names
§6.11 SuffIXless nouns and adjectives.
§6.12 Diminutives.
§6.13 Miscellaneous suffixes.
§6.14-16 C: Uncompounded dithematic names
§6.14 Names of type MAQQI-X.
§6.15 Names of type NETA-X.
§6.16 Others.
§6.17-18 Gentilic names and their distribution.
§6.19 Same element in the name of father and son.
§6.20 Latin names.
§6.21 British names.
§6.22 Latinization of Irish and British names.
§6.23-27 Morphology
§6.23 General remarks on historical morphology of Irish nouns.
§6.24 The genitive singular endings.
§6.25 Exceptional nominatives.
§6.26 The composition vowel.
§6.27 Formula words.
§6.28-9 Phonology
§6.28 Vowels and diphthongs.
§6.29 Consonants.
§6.30-32 Orthography
§6.30 Differences between the Ogam and manuscript systems
(a) Intervocalic voiced stops.
(b) Lenition of t and c.
(c) Palatal quality of consonants.
(d) Duplication of consonants.
§6.31 Latin influence.
§6.32 Concluding remarks.
i5
'8
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T
Plate
CHAPTER SEVEN, The later tradition (1): Scholastic Ogams and
the revisions of the alphabet
128
§7.1 The demise of orthodox Ogam in the seventh century.
§7.2 Ogam after the seventh century.
§7.3 The term scholastic.
§7.4 The Ballinderry die.
§7.5 Scholastic Ogams on stone.
§7.6 Scholastic Ogams on other hard materials.
§7.7 Miscellaneous 'functional' MS Ogams.
§7.8-12 'Illustrative' MS Ogams
§7.8 The Berne and Vatican Ogams.
§7.9 The Ogams of Auraicept na nEces.
§7.10 The Ogams of De dziilib feda na forfed.
§7.11 The Ogams of In Lebor Ogaim.
§7.12 An Old Irish poem on the In Lebor Ogaim Ogams.
§7.13-15 The Forfeda
§7.13 The three traditions of the forfeda.
§7.14 Reconciling these with the letter names.
§7.15 The traditio difficilior and the earliest values of the forfeda.
§7.16 The first revision of the Ogam alphabet.
§7.17 The second revision of the Ogam alphabet.
CHAPTER EIGHT, The later tradition (2): Medieval theories on the
origin of Ogam and Ogam in Early Irish saga and law
147
§8.1 The learned context of the first revision of Ogam.
§8.2 The A uraicept na nEces and modern scholarship.
§8.3 The Auraicept origin of Ogam.
§8.4 The In Lebor Ogaim origin of Ogam.
§8.5 Ogma mac Elathan and Lucian's Ogmios.
§8.6 The terms ogam, Beithe-Iuis-nin, ogam iomagallma etc.
§8.7-12 Ogam in Early Irish saga.
§8.7 Introductory remarks.
§8.8 Funerary Ogams and the term ainm n-oguim.
§8.9 Other references to Ogam as a memorial script.
§8.10 Miscellaneous references to Ogam in other capacities.
§8.11 Discussion of examples in §8.10.
§8.12 Discussion of conclusions drawn from material in §8.10.
§8.13 Ogam in Early Irish law.
§8.14 Concluding remarks.
NOTES
167
BIBLIOGRAPHY
186
INDICES
197
Maps
Distribution of Ogam inscriptions in Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
46
Distribution of Ogam inscriptions in Wales
48
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