Bushcraft (Canadian Scout Manual) - PO 403.pdf - 31 Survival - nelli235

A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001

PO 403 BUSHCRAFT

EO DESCRIPTION

PAGE

Select personal clothing and equipment.

3-2

Pack and carry individual clothing and

equipment.

3-9

Apply the principles of safe toolcraft.

3-15

Assemble a survival kit.

3-17

Light a stove and lantern.

3-18

Discuss the principles of outdoor cooking

with water procured in the field.

3-23

Construct a shelter.

3-25

Follow camp routine and discipline in the

field.

3-27

Discuss natural hazards.

3-29

Demonstrate a concern for the environment. 3-37

Tie a knot (thumb, figure 8, and reef knots;

clove and half hitches).

3-40

Light a fire.

3-45

Apply field signals and formations.

3-48

Employ methods of environmentally safe

waste disposal in the field.

3-49

Maintain section equipment.

3-51

Tie a knot (bowline, Fisherman’s, and square

lashing).

3-55

Identify bivouac site and all its various

components.

3-57

Observe hiking techniques.

3-60

Prepare for an expedition.

3-64

Discuss dangerous animals.

3-67

Employ voice procedures

3-69

Discuss survival psychology and strategy.

3-72

Predict a change in weather.

3-80

Judge a distance.

3-87

Construct an improvised shelter.

3-90

INTRODUCTION

The skills and knowledge of Bushcraft are some of the key elements in

the Army Cadet training program. Many of the greatest challenges and

rewards in this program will occur in adventurous outdoor training. Once

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you are confident in outdoor safety, survival and trekking skills, you will

be prepared to fully explore and discover our vast and remote Canadian

wilderness.

WILDERNESS JOURNAL

Start now to keep a written record of your adventures and experiences.

Keep copies of routes that you travel, write down stories or anecdotes,

and draw pictures of the animals, plants and scenery you encounter.

Record your favourite, and least favourite, places, people and events

and the lessons that you learn from the experience. At the end of your

cadet career this journal will tell a wonderful story.

EO 403.01: SELECT PERSONAL CLOTHING AND

EQUIPMENT

WEATHER AND SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS

When you select your personal clothing and equipment for an outdoor

activity, the elements of weather and season will have a significant

impact on your choices. Air temperature, wind, precipitation, altitude,

humidity and the UV index are elements of weather that will need

consideration. Your local media, or Environment Canada, will offer

weather forecasts that are moderately accurate for your area for short

periods of time (2-3 days). You can also research weather averages,

highs and lows for the area you plan to travel to for your activity.

Remember that weather is not constant or 100% predictable.

When you are in the outdoors keep your eyes open for changes in your

environment that could lead to weather changes, and be ready to adapt

your clothing and equipment choices. Changes in air temperature, air

pressure, wind direction or cloud cover often signal upcoming weather

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changes. More people die from being improperly prepared for weather

changes than any other cause in the outdoors.

CLOTHING

Clothing that you wear for outdoor activity must protect you from sun,

wind, rain and snow, variations of temperature and insects.

The comp onents of outdoor clothing can be identified as:

a. hat – your hat should be wide brimmed for sun and rain

protection, with holes for ventilation;

b. shell (jacket) – your shell is your primary protection from wind

and rain or snow and keeps your insulation layer dry. It should

be long enough to reach your thighs. It should have a hood as

well as wrist, neck and waist closures that you can loosen or

tighten to allow ventilation. You need to remember that

moisture can also come from inside your clothes as you

perspire in warm weather or while you are participating in

strenuous activities. You can control the build up of moisture in

your clothes by wearing a shell that is made from a waterproof

breathable fabric and has extra ventilation openings under the

armpits. The extra vents and the ability of the material to allow

moist air out without allowing rain in helps keep you dry. Also

look for a shell that has a zippered opening in the front and has

no permanent insulation layer attached to it. You may also

choose a pair of wind or rain pants to compliment the

protection of your shell;

c. insulation – you will want to have appropriate insulation for

the coldest weather expected during your activity outside. The

best method of insulating yourself is to have several thin layers

of insulative clothing as opposed to one thick layer. The thin

layers will allow you to adjust the amount of insulation you

have on at one time, and add or subtract as the temperature or

your physical activity changes. The air space created between

the layers is excellent insulation! Wool, and the more

lightweight synthetic fleece materials, make good insulators

because they maintain their insulative capacity even when wet.

Be sure the insulation layers you choose fit under your shell,

and that they insulate your neck, shoulders, torso and lower

back. Insulation for your legs should be chosen with the type of

activities and the lowest expected temperature in mind;

d. shirt – in warm weather you will need a long sleeve shirt to

protect you from the sun and insects. The sleeves should have

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an elastic or adjustable cuff that can be rolled up if required. It

should have a collar that can protect the back of your neck and

it should be made of a material that does not retain moisture;

e. undershirt and underwear – your undershirt can be one of

your best methods of moving moisture away from your skin to

assist cooling as well as keep you dry. Choose a shirt made

with a “wicking” material – a material that draws moisture

away from your skin and disperses it into your outer layers for

evaporation. Your underwear should be comfortable and

protect you from chaffing. It should be made of material that

does not retain moisture. Your choice in comfortable and

practical undergarments is almost as important as your choice

of a shell;

f. pants – choose pants with full length legs that have closures at

the cuffs and an adjustable waist. Large pockets that close

securely and self-drain are added bonuses. Ensure that the waist

will not roll or fold over when you carry a pack. The material

should be durable and provide protection from sun and insects;

g. socks – wear socks that provide the appropriate amount of

insulation required for your activity. Remember that your feet

sweat as much as the rest of your body so choose socks of a

material that will wick away the moisture as well as remain

warm if they get wet. Comfort and practicality can be achieved

by wearing a thin liner sock under your heavier protective sock.

The two-sock system reduces friction on your skin and allows

better ventilation. Avoid materials that retain moisture and

choose socks that fit inside your footwear; and

h. footwear – the activities you participate in will have a direct

impact on your choice of appropriate footwear. The

construction, style and material of your footwear will vary with

terrain, temperature, weight carried, and speed of travel. For

weekend hiking with a light to moderate pack weight along

established trails you will need a light hiking boot, or shoe,

made out of material that will dry quickly, with a firm but

comfortable sole. Longer backcountry expeditions might

require a solid hiking boot with extra arch, ankle and heel

support. Trail running, orienteering and day hikes require

running shoes, approach shoes or light hikers. Regardless of

what footwear is appropriate for the activity you must allow

time for break in. Breaking in footwear prior to a hike will go a

long way to preventing blisters. Make sure that your boots and

socks fit properly, there should be just enough room for your

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toes to move a little forward (this allows room for your toes

when you walk downhill).

In general, your clothing should be comfortable and loose fitting. Try

all your individual items on before going out to ensure fit and that

there is no damage or missing parts. Check your range of motion with

all your layers on and be sure that you can reach and stretch without

being bound by your clothes. You can complement your cold weather

clothing with mitts and a toque made from a good insulator that sheds

moisture. Keep all your clothes as clean as possible, repair and wash

when required.

Moisture management is a technique of controlling moisture build-up

in your clothes. Along with choosing appropriate outdoor clothing you

can manage moisture by:

a. ventilating your clothing by opening cuffs, “pit zips” and the

front zipper;

b. wearing clean layers that are loose that don’t retain moisture;

c. removing your hat when participating in strenuous activities –

except when in direct sunlight;

d. choosing insulation that is appropriate to the temperature and

activity, and adding or subtracting layers for changes as they

occur; and

e. keeping your socks clean and dry. Always carry extra socks,

and change your socks regularly.

Remember “ COLD ” if you don’t want to be cold:

C – c lean clothes breathe and insulate better;

O – avoid o verheating by ventilating;

L – dress in l oose l ayers; and

D – stay d ry.

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Your personal equipment is divided into two categories: objects that

you carry in your pockets, and objects that find a place in your load

carrying device.

Items you would ordinarily carry in your pockets are:

a. whistle (plastic);

b. folding pocket knife with a large (10cm) and small blade;

c. personal identification and medical insurance card;

d. map and compass;

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Bushcraft (Canadian Scout Manual) - PO 403.pdf

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