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ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ɥɩ
ɧɜɛɗɡɭɟɟ
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄɷʖ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
-
ʆɼʇɹʅɼ
ʄɷʊʎʄʅ
-
ʈʆʇɷɹʅʎʄʅɼ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿɼ
ʆʅ
ʉɼɷʉ
-
ʇɷʂʓʄʅʃʊ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʊ
ʄɷ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅʃ
ʖɾʒʁɼ
-
ʅʈɹɼʐɷɼʉ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿʕ
ɿ
ʉɼʅʇɿʕ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ʈ
ɻʇɼɹʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ɹʇɼʃʗʄ
ɻʅ
ʄɷʏɿʌ
ɻʄɼʀ
.
ɤɷʈʉʅʖʐɼɼ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿɼ
ʇɷʈʈʎɿʉɷʄʅ
ʄɷ
ɻɼʖʉɼ
-
ʂɼʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
-
ɷʁʉʗʇʅɹ
,
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇʅɹ
,
ʌʊɻʅɽʄɿʁʅɹ
,
ʆʇɼʆʅɻɷɹɷ
-
ʉɼʂɼʀ
ɿ
ʊʎɷʐɿʌʈʖ
ʈʆɼʍɿɷʂʓʄʒʌ
ʊʎɼɸʄʒʌ
ɾɷɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
,
ʇɷɸʅʉʄɿʁʅɹ
ɺɷɾɼʉ
,
ʇɷɻɿʅ
ɿ
ʉɼʂɼɹɿɻɼʄɿʖ
,
ɷ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ʄɷ
ʏɿʇʅʁɿɼ
ʁʇʊɺɿ
ʎɿʉɷʉɼʂɼʀ
,
ɿʄʉɼʇɼʈʊʕʐɿʌʈʖ
ʉɼɷʉ
-
ʇʅʃ
,
ʊʎɷʈʉʄɿʁʅɹ
ʌʊɻʅɽɼʈʉɹɼʄʄʅʀ
ʈɷʃʅɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉɿ
,
ʈʂʊʏɷʉɼʂɼʀ
ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼ
-
ʉʅɹ
ʁʊʂʓʉʊʇʒ
.
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
ɹʁʂʕʎɷɼʉ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ɹʈɼʌ
ɹɿɻɷʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
-
ɻʇɷʃɼ
,
ʅʆɼʇɼ
,
ɸɷʂɼʉɼ
,
ʅʆɼʇɼʉʉɼ
,
ʃʊɾʒʁɷʂʓʄʅʀ
ʁʅʃɼɻɿɿ
,
ɻɼʉʈʁʅʃ
ɿ
ʁʊʁʅʂʓʄʅʃ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
,
ɷ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ʍɿʇʁɼ
ɿ
ʔʈʉʇɷɻɼ
.
ɴʉɿ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʆʅʈɹʖʐɼʄʒ
ʋʅʇʃɷʃ
ɿ
ɽɷʄʇɷʃ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
,
ɹʅʆʇʅʈɷʃ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɿɿ
,
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
ɷʁʉʗʇɷ
,
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʊʇʒ
,
ʃʊɾʒʁɿ
ɹ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
,
ɻɼʁʅʇɷʍɿʅʄʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
,
ʉɼʌʄɿʁɿ
ʈʍɼʄʒ
,
ʅʇɺɷʄɿɾɷʍɿɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹʅɻʈʉɹɷ
,
ɷʇʌɿʉɼʁʉʊʇʒ
ɿ
ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʌ
ɾɻɷʄɿʀ
,
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅʀ
ʆɼʎɷʉɿ
,
ʅɸʇɷɾʅɹɷʄɿʖ
,
ʄɷʊʎʄʅ
-
ɿʈʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʈʁʅʀ
ʇɷɸʅʉʒ
ɹ
ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
.
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄɷʖ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
ʅʈɹɼʐɷɼʉ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɼ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʅ
ʄɷʇʅɻʅɹ
ʃɿʇɷ
,
ɹ
ʄɼʀ
ʆʇɼɻʈʉɷɹʂɼʄ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
,
ɿʃɼʕʐɿʌ
ʇɷɾɹɿʉʅɼ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɼ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅ
.
ɥʈʅɸʅɼ
ɹʄɿʃɷʄɿɼ
ʊɻɼʂʖɼʉʈʖ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁʅʃʊ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʊ
ɿ
ɻʅʇɼɹʅʂʕʍɿʅʄʄʅʃʊ
ʉɼɷʉʇʊ
ʄɷʇʅɻʅɹ
,
ʄɷʈɼʂʖɹʏɿʌ
ɧʅʈʈɿʕ
.
ɞʄɷʎɿʉɼʂʓʄʅɼ
ʃɼʈʉʅ
ɾɷʄɿʃɷɼʉ
ʅʈɹɼʐɼʄɿɼ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
ʁʇʊʆʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ɜɹʇʅʆʒ
(
ɗʄɺʂɿɿ
,
ɫʇɷʄʍɿɿ
),
ɨɯɗ
ɿ
ʅʈʅɸɼʄʄʅ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ʄɷʇʅɻʄʅʀ
ɻɼʃʅʁʇɷʉɿɿ
.
əʆɼʇɹʒɼ
ɻɼʂɷɼʉʈʖ
ʆʅʆʒʉʁɷ
ʆʇɼɻʈʉɷɹɿʉʓ
ʅʉʈʊʉʈʉɹʊʕʐɿɼ
ɹ
ʂɿʉɼʇɷʉʊʇɼ
ʄɷ
ʖɾʒʁɷʌ
ʄɷʇʅɻʅɹ
ɨɨɨɧ
ɻɷʄʄʒɼ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
əʅʈʉʅʁɷ
(
ɟʄɻʅʄɼɾɿʖ
,
ɘɿʇʃɷ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.),
ɢɷʉɿʄʈʁʅʀ
ɗʃɼʇɿʁɿ
(
ɗʇɺɼʄʉɿʄɷ
,
ɘʇɷɾɿʂɿʖ
,
əɼʄɼʈʊʔʂɷ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.),
ɗɹʈʉʇɷʂɿʀʈʁʅɺʅ
ɨʅʕɾɷ
ɿ
ʇʖɻɷ
ɼɹʇʅʆɼʀʈʁɿʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
(
ɫɿʄʂʖʄɻɿʖ
,
ɚʇɼʍɿʖ
,
ɤɿɻɼʇʂɷʄɻʒ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.).
ɦʅ
ʅɸʑʗʃʊ
ɿ
ʌɷʇɷʁʉɼʇʊ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ɻɼʂʖʉʈʖ
ʄɷ
ʇɷɾɹʗʇʄʊʉʒɼ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿʎɼʈʁɿɼ
ʅʎɼʇʁɿ
ɿ
ʈʆʇɷɹʅʎʄʒɼ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ɿ
ɾɷʃɼʉʁɿ
,
ʈʅɻɼʇɽɷʐɿɼ
ʆʇɼɿʃʊʐɼʈʉɹɼʄʄʅ
ʋɷʁʉɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ
ʃɷʉɼʇɿɷʂ
.
ɟʈʉʅʇɿʖ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ɿɾʂɷɺɷɼʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɿɿ
ʉʅʀ
ɿʂɿ
ɿʄʅʀ
ʈʉʇɷʄʒ
,
ɹ
ʈʆʇɷɹʁɷʌ
ʅ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇʅɹ
,
ɹ
ɸɿʅɺʇɷʋɿʎɼʈʁɿʌ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
.
ɧʖɻ
ʈʉɷʉɼʀ
ʈʅɻɼʇɽɿʉ
ʈɹʅɻʄʒʀ
ʈʆʇɷɹʅʎʄʒʀ
ʃɷʉɼʇɿɷʂ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
, "
ɚɷʈʉʇʅʂʓ
", "
ɝʊʇʄɷʂʒ
",
"
ɛɼʁɷɻʒ
", "
əʈɼʃɿʇʄʒɼ
ʋɼʈʉɿɹɷʂɿ
..."
ɿ
ɻʇ
.).
ɨʉʇɼʃʖʈʓ
ɻɷʉʓ
ʅɸʈʉʅʖʉɼʂʓʄʒɼ
ʈɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
,
ʇɼɻɷʁʍɿʖ
ʈɺʇʊʆʆɿʇʅɹɷʂɷ
ʃʄʅɺɿɼ
ʉɼʇʃɿʄʒ
ɹ
ʅɸʐɿʌ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
,
ʅʌɹɷʉʒɹɷʕʐɿʌ
ɻɷʄʄʒɼ
ʆʅʄʖʉɿʖ
,
ʈʅʌʇɷʄɿɹ
ʈʅʅʉɹɼʉʈʉɹʊʕʐɿɼ
ʈʈʒʂʁɿ
ʄɷ
ʔʉɿ
ʅɸʐɿɼ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
:
ʉɷʁ
,
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,
ɸʅʂʓʏɿʄʈʉɹʅ
ʉɼʇʃɿʄʅɹ
ʆʅ
ʈɿʈʉɼʃɼ
ɨʉɷʄɿʈʂɷɹʈʁʅɺʅ
ʇɷɾʑʖʈʄʖɼʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓɼ
"
ɨʉɷʄɿʈʂɷɹʈʁʅɺʅ
ʈɿʈʉɼʃɷ
";
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒɼ
ʉɼʇʃɿʄʒ
ʆʅ
ʉɼʌʄɿʁɼ
ʈʍɼʄʒ
ʌɷʇɷʁʉɼʇɿɾʊʕʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
"
ɣɷʏɿʄʒ
ʈʍɼʄɿʎɼʈʁɿɼ
",
"
ɯʊʃʒ
", "
ɨʍɼʄɷ
", "
ɨɹɼʉ
", "
ɴʋʋɼʁʉʒ
ʈʍɼʄɿʎɼʈʁɿɼ
".
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
ʄɼ
ʈʅɻɼʇɽɿʉ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʈʉɷʉɼʀ
ʅ
ʉɷʄʍɷʌ
ɿ
ʃʊɾʒʁɷʂʓʄʒʌ
ɿʄʈʉʇʊʃɼʄʉɷʌ
,
ʄʅ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
"
ɩɷʄɼʍ
"
ɿ
"
ɣʊɾʒʁɷʂʓʄʒɼ
ɿʄʈʉʇʊʃɼʄʉʒ
"
ʎɿʉɷʉɼʂʓ
ʄɷʀɻʗʉ
ʈɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ʆʅ
ʔʉɿʃ
ɹʅʆʇʅʈɷʃ
.
ə
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿɿ
ʆʊɸʂɿʁʊʕʉʈʖ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ɹʈɼʌ
ʄɷʇʅɻʄʒʌ
ɷʇʉɿʈʉɷʌ
ɨɨɨɧ
ɿ
ʇɼʈʆʊɸʂɿʁ
,
ʄʅ
,
ɹɹɿɻʊ
ʅɺʇɷʄɿʎɼʄʄʅɺʅ
ʅɸʑʗʃɷ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿʖ
,
ɹ
ɸɿʅɺʇɷʋɿʎɼʈʁɿʌ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
ʈɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ɺʂɷɹʄʒʃ
ʅɸʇɷɾʅʃ
ʈʆʇɷɹʅʎʄʅɺʅ
ʌɷʇɷʁʉɼʇɷ
ɿ
ʅʆʇɼɻɼʂʖɼʉʈʖ
ʉʅ
ʆʅʂʅɽɿʉɼʂʓʄʅɼ
ɾʄɷʎɼʄɿɼ
,
ʁʅʉʅʇʅɼ
ɿʃɼɼʉ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʅ
ɻɷʄʄʅɺʅ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʖ
ɻʂʖ
ʇɷɾɹɿʉɿʖ
ʄɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
.
ə
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ɹɼʂɿʁɿʌ
ʆɿʈɷʉɼʂʖʌ
,
ʌʊɻʅɽʄɿʁɷʌ
ɿ
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇɷʌ
,
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʅ
ʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ʈɹʖɾɷʄʅ
ʄɼ
ʉʅʂʓʁʅ
ʈ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʃ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅʃ
,
ʅʈɹɼʐɷɼʉʈʖ
ʂɿʏʓ
ɿʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄɷʖ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
,
ɷ
ʈɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
,
ʁɷʈɷʕʐɿɼʈʖ
ɻʇʊɺɿʌ
ʈʉʅʇʅʄ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹɷ
(
ɹ
ʉʅʃ
ʎɿʈʂɼ
ɹ
ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ
ʂɿʉɼʇɷʉʊʇʒ
ɿ
ʁɿʄɼʃɷʉʅɺʇɷʋɿɿ
),
ɿ
ɸɿʅɺʇɷʋɿɿ
ʆʅʎʉɿ
ʄɼ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
.
1
ə
ɸɿʅɺʇɷʋɿʎɼʈʁɿʌ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʖʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
ɻʅʇɼɹʅʂʕʍɿʅʄʄʅʀ
ɧʅʈʈɿɿ
ɻɷʉʒ
ʇʅɽɻɼʄɿʖ
ɿ
ʈʃɼʇʉɿ
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ʅɸʒʎʄʅ
ʆʅ
ʈʉɷʇʅʃʊ
ɿ
ʄʅɹʅʃʊ
ʈʉɿʂʕ
(
ɼʈʂɿ
ʊʁɷɾɷʄɷ
ʅɻʄɷ
ɻɷʉɷ
,
ʔʉʅ
ɾʄɷʎɿʉ
,
ʎʉʅ
ʊʈʉɷʄʅɹɿʉʓ
,
ʁ
ʁɷʁʅʃʊ
ʈʉɿʂʕ
ʅʄɷ
ʅʉʄʅʈɿʉʈʖ
,
ʄɼ
ʊɻɷʂʅʈʓ
).
ɨʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅɸ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʆʓɼʈɷʌ
,
ʅʆɼʇɷʌ
,
ɸɷʂɼʉɷʌ
ʈʅɻɼʇɽɷʉ
ʈɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ʅɸ
ɿʌ
ʆɼʇɹʒʌ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɷʌ
ɹ
ʄɷʏɼʀ
ʈʉʇɷʄɼ
ɿ
ɾɷ
ʇʊɸɼɽʅʃ
ɿ
ʅ
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ɻʇʊɺɿʌ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɷʌ
.
ɥʍɼʄʁɷ
ɾʄɷʎɼʄɿʖ
ʔʉɿʌ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
ʈʅɻɼʇɽɿʉʈʖ
ʅɸʒʎʄʅ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
,
ʆʅʈɹʖʐʗʄʄʒʌ
ɿʌ
ɷɹʉʅʇɷʃ
-
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɷʃ
,
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇɷʃ
,
ɷ
ʅʍɼʄʁɷ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʅʁ
ʎɷʈʉʅ
ʅʉʃɼʎɷɼʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ʈʅʅʉɹɼʉʈʉɹʊʕʐɿʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
,
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇɷʌ
ɿ
ʉ
.
ɻ
.
ɦʇɿ
ʅʉɸʅʇɼ
ʆʓɼʈ
,
ʅʆɼʇ
,
ɸɷʂɼʉʅɹ
,
ʁʅʉʅʇʒʃ
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄɷʖ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʖ
ʆʅʈɹʖʐɷɼʉ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒɼ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
,
ʇɼɻɷʁʍɿʖ
ʅɺʇɷʄɿʎɿʂɷʈʓ
ʁʇʊʆʄɼʀʏɿʃɿ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʖʃɿ
ʁʂɷʈʈɿʁʅɹ
ɿ
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒʃɿ
ʆʅʆʊʂʖʇʄʒʃɿ
ʈʅɹʇ
.
ʆʓɼʈɷʃɿ
.
ɥʈʉɷʂʓʄʒɼ
,
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɷʌ
(
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇɷʌ
).
ə
ɾɷʁʂʕʎɿʉɼʂʓʄʅʃ
ʉʅʃɼ
ɸʊɻɼʉ
ʅʆʊɸʂɿʁʅɹɷʄ
ʈʆɿʈʅʁ
ɹʈɼʌ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
,
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷɼʃʒʌ
ɹ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿɿ
.
ɦʓɼʈʒ
,
ɿʃɼʕʐɿɼ
ʄɼʈʁʅʂʓʁʅ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿʀ
,
ʆʇɿɹʅɻʖʉʈʖ
ʆʅɻ
ʄɷɿɸʅʂɼɼ
ʆʅʆʊʂʖʇʄʒʃ
ʄɷ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅʀ
ʈʍɼʄɼ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼʃ
,
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
"
ɤʅʇɷ
",
ɷ
ʄɼ
"
ɡʊʁʅʂʓʄʒʀ
ɻʅʃ
"
("
ɤʅʇɷ
").
ɤɷɾɹɷʄɿʖ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
ʄɷ
ʖɾʒʁɷʌ
ʄɷʇʅɻʅɹ
ɨɨɨɧ
ɿ
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʆɼʇɼɹʅɻɼ
ʄɷ
ʇʊʈʈʁɿʀ
ʖɾʒʁ
.
ə
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʈʂʊʎɷʖʌ
ʆʇɿɹʅɻɿʉʈʖ
ʄɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿɼ
ʆʓɼʈ
ɹ
ʆʅɻʂɿʄʄɿʁɼ
.
ɛɷʉɷ
,
ʈʅʆʇʅɹʅɽɻɷʕʐɷʖ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɷʌ
,
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇɷʌ
,
ɹ
ʅʎɼʇʁɷʌ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɿɿ
,
ʅɾʄɷʎɷɼʉ
,
ʁɷʁ
ʆʇɷɹɿʂʅ
,
ɻɷʉʊ
ʆɼʇɹʅʀ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɿ
.
ə
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ʈʂʊʎɷʖʌ
ʆɼʇɹɷʖ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɷ
ɾɷʃɼʄʖɼʉʈʖ
ʅɻʄʅʀ
ɿɾ
ʆɼʇɹʒʌ
,
ʄʅ
ɸʅʂɼɼ
ɾʄɷʎɿʉɼʂʓʄʅʀ
,
ʎɼʃ
ʆʇɼɻʏɼʈʉɹʊʕʐɿɼ
ʈʆɼʁʉɷʁʂɿ
,
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁʅʀ
.
ə
ʉɼʌ
ʈʂʊʎɷʖʌ
,
ʁʅɺɻɷ
ʃɼɽɻʊ
ɻɷʉʅʀ
ʈʅʎɿʄɼʄɿʖ
ɿ
'
ɻɷʉʅʀ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɿ
ʈʊʐɼʈʉɹʊɼʉ
ɾʄɷʎɿʉɼʂʓʄʒʀ
ʇɷɾʇʒɹ
ɹʅ
ɹʇɼʃɼʄɿ
,
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
,
ʆʅ
ɹʅɾʃʅɽʄʅʈʉɿ
,
ʅɸɼ
ɻɷʉʒ
(
ʈʄɷʎɷʂɷ
ɻɷʉɷ
ʈʅʎɿʄɼʄɿʖ
,
ɾɷʉɼʃ
ɻɷʉɷ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɿ
).
ə
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇɷʌ
,
ɸɷʂɼʉʃɼʀʈʉɼʇɷʌ
,
ʌʊɻʅɽʄɿʁɷʌ
ɿʌ
ʆʅʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɿ
,
ʁɷʁ
ʆʇɷɹɿʂʅ
,
ɻɷʉɿʇʊʕʉʈʖ
.
ɟʈʆʅʂʄɼʄɿɼ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
ɷʁʉʗʇɷʃɿ
ɻɷʉɿʇʊɼʉʈʖ
ʉʅʂʓʁʅ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅ
ɹɿɻʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʖʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ɿʂɿ
ɹ
ʈʂʊʎɷʖʌ
,
ʁʅɺɻɷ
ʇʅʂʓ
ʖɹʂʖɼʉʈʖ
ɹʒɻɷʕʐɿʃʈʖ
ʈʅɾɻɷʄɿɼʃ
ɷʁʉʗʇɷ
,
ɷ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ɹ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʌ
ʅɸ
ɷʁʉʗʇɷʌ
ʆʇʅʏʂʅɺʅ
,
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
ʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ʆʅʎʉɿ
ʄɼ
ʆʅʂʊʎɿʂɷ
ʅʈɹɼʐɼʄɿʖ
ɹ
ʆɼʎɷʉɿ
.
ɥɸʒʎʄʅ
ʇʅʂɿ
ɷʁʉʗʇʅɹ
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ɿʂɿ
ʌʇʅʄʅʂʅɺɿʎɼʈʁɿ
,
ʆʅ
ʃɼʇɼ
ɿʌ
ʈʅɾɻɷʄɿʖ
,
ɺʂɿ
ɺʇʊʆʆɿʇʊʕʉʈʖ
ʆʅ
ʇɷɾɻɼʂɷʃ
ʇɼʆɼʇʉʊɷʇɷ
(
ʇʅʂɿ
ɹ
ʄɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅʀ
ʁʂɷʈʈɿʁɼ
,
ɹ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅʀ
ɿ
ʃɿʇʅɹʅʀ
ʁʂɷʈʈɿʁɼ
,
ɹ
ʈʅɹʇɼʃɼʄʄʅʃ
ʄɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅʃ
ʇɼʆɼʇʉʊɷʇɼ
,
ɹ
ʈʅɹʇɼʃɼʄʄʅʃ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅʃ
ɿ
ʆɼʇɼɹʅɻʄʅʃ
ʇɼʆɼʇʉʊɷʇɼ
).
ɨʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
ʆʅʃɼʐɼʄʒ
,
ʁɷʁ
ʆʇɷɹɿʂʅ
,
ʆʅɻ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿʖʃɿ
,
ʅʆʇɼɻɼʂʖʕʐɿʃɿ
ɿʌ
ʄɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʊʕ
ʆʇɿʄɷɻʂɼɽʄʅʈʉʓ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
, "
ɗʇʃʖʄʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɚ
.
ɨʊʄɻʊʁʖʄɷ
", "
ɚʇʊɾɿʄʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɯ
.
ɧʊʈʉɷɹɼʂɿ
"
ɿ
ʉ
.
ʆ
.),
ʁʇʅʃɼ
ʉɼʌ
ʈʂʊʎɷɼɹ
,
ʁʅɺɻɷ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃɼɼʉ
ʊʈʉɷʄʅɹɿɹʏɼɼʈʖ
ɾɷ
ʄɿʃ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,
"
əɷ
-
ʄɼʃʊʀʄɼ
")
ɿʂɿ
ʄʅʈɿʉ
ɿʃʖ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʖ
,
ʈ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʅʃ
ʁʅʉʅʇʅɺʅ
ʄɼʆʅʈʇɼɻʈʉɹɼʄʄʅ
ʈɹʖɾɷʄɷ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
, "
əɷʌʉɷʄɺʅɹɷ
ɿʃɼʄɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
"),
ɿʂɿ
ɼʈʂɿ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼ
ɺʅʇʅɻɷ
,
ɺɻɼ
ʆʅʃɼʐɷɼʉʈʖ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
,
ʆʇʅʎʄʅ
ɹʅʏʂʅ
ɹ
ɼɺʅ
ʄɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿɼ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,"
ɢɼʄɿʄɷʁɷʄʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɣʇɷɹʖʄɷ
",
ɷ
ʄɼ
"
ɗʇʃʖʄʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɣʇɷɹʖʄɷ
").
ɟʈʁʂʕʎɼʄɿɼ
ʈʅʈʉɷɹʂʖʕʉ
ʃʄʅɺʅʎɿʈʂɼʄʄʒɼ
ʇʊʈʈʁɿɼ
ʉɼɷʉʇʒ
,
ɷ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ʊʁʇɷɿʄʈʁɿɼ
ɿ
ʊɾɸɼʁʈʁɿɼ
ʉɼɷʉʇʒ
,
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ʆʅʃɼʐɷʕʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʈʅʅʉɹɼʉʈʉɹɿɿ
ʈ
ʄɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿɼʃ
ɺʅʇʅɻɷ
,
ɺɻɼ
ʅʄɿ
ʄɷʌʅɻʖʉʈʖ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
"
ɡɿɼɹʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɫʇɷʄʁʅ
", "
ɢɼʄɿʄɺʇɷɻʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɿʃ
.
ɦʊʏʁɿʄɷ
").
ɨʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
ʆʅɻ
ʊʈʉɷʄʅɹɿɹʏɿʃɿʈʖ
ɾɷ
ʔʉɿʃɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʃɿ
ʄɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿʖʃɿ
ɹ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅʀ
ʉʇɷʄʈʁʇɿʆʍɿɿ
("
ɡʅʃɼɻɿ
ɫʇɷʄʈɼɾ
", "
ɘɼʇʂɿʄɼʇ
ɷʄʈɷʃɸʂʓ
"
ɿ
ʉ
.
ɻ
.).
ɤɷɾɹɷʄɿʖ
ʉɼɷʉʇʅɹ
ɸʅʂʓʏɼʀ
ʎɷʈʉʓʕ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
ʈʅʁʇɷʐɼʄʄʅ
.
ɡ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʃ
ʅ
ʁʇʊʆʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
ʆʇɿʂɷɺɷɼʉʈʖ
ʈʆɿʈʅʁ
ʅʈʄʅɹʄʅɺʅ
ʇɼʆɼʇʉʊɷʇɷ
ʈ
1917
ɺʅɻɷ
.
ə
ʍɼʂʖʌ
ʔʁʅʄʅʃɿɿ
ʃɼʈʉɷ
ʇɼɻɷʁʍɿʖ
ʏɿʇʅʁʅ
ɿʈʆʅʂʓɾʊɼʉ
ʆʇɿʄʖʉʒɼ
ɹ
ʔʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿʎɼʈʁɿʌ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿʖʌ
ʈʅʁʇɷʐɼʄɿʖ
.
ɦʇɿ
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷʄɿɿ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
,
ʆʅʂʊʎɿɹʏɿʌ
ɹʈɼʅɸʐʊʕ
ɿɾɹɼʈʉʄʅʈʉʓ
(
ɺʂɷɹʄʒʃ
ʅɸʇɷɾʅʃ
ʁʂɷʈʈɿʎɼʈʁɿʌ
),
ʄɼ
ʆʇɿɹʅɻɿʉʈʖ
ʋɷʃɿʂɿʖ
ɷɹʉʅʇɷ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
, "
ɧɼɹɿɾʅʇ
",
ɷ
ʄɼ
"
ɧɼɹɿɾʅʇ
"
ɚʅɺʅʂʖ
);
2
ʆʇɿ
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷʄɿɿ
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ʆʅʆʊʂʖʇʄʒʌ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
,
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ɿɾɹɼʈʉʄʒʌ
ɸʅʂʓʏɿʄʈʉɹʊ
ʎɿʉɷʉɼʂɼʀ
,
ʄɼ
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿʖ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
,
ɹ
ʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ɻɼʀʈʉɹʊʕʉ
ʔʉɿ
ʆɼʇʈʅʄɷɽɿ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,
ɚʅʇʅɻʄɿʎɿʀ
,
ɚɷʃʂɼʉ
,
ɮɷʍʁɿʀ
).
ə
ʉɼʌ
ʈʂʊʎɷʖʌ
,
ʁʅɺɻɷ
ɹ
ʆɼʇɼʎʄɼ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʀ
ʅʆʊʈʁɷɼʉʈʖ
ʋɷʃɿʂɿʖ
ɷɹʉʅʇɷ
,
ʃɼɽɻʊ
ʔʉɿʃ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿɼʃ
ɿ
ʈʂɼɻʊʕʐɿʃ
ɾɷ
ʄɿʃ
ʈʉɷɹɿʉʈʖ
ʉʅʎʁɷ
ʈ
ɾɷʆʖʉʅʀ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
, "
ɢʕɸʅɹʓ
ɶʇʅɹɷʖ
";
"
ɟʇʁʊʉʈʁɷʖ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿʖ
"
ɗʇɸʊɾʅɹɷ
).
ɩɷ
ɽɼ
ʆʊʄʁʉʊɷʍɿʖ
ʈʅɸʂʕɻɷɼʉʈʖ
,
ʁʅɺɻɷ
ɹ
ʆɼʇɼʎʄɼ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
ʅʆʊʈʁɷɼʉʈʖ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
(
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,
ɚɷʃʂɼʉ
;
ɘɼʄɼɻɿʁʉ
- "
ɣʄʅɺʅ
ʏʊʃɷ
ɿɾ
ʄɿʎɼɺʅ
").
ɦʇɿ
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷʄɿɿ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
ɹ
ʅɻʄʅɿʃʗʄʄʒʌ
ʆʓɼʈɷʌ
(
ɿʂɿ
ʆɷʇʉɿʀ
ɹ
ʅɻʄʅɿʃʗʄʄʒʌ
ʅʆɼʇɷʌ
,
ɸɷʂɼʉɷʌ
)
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɼ
ɾɷʃɼʄʖɼʉʈʖ
ʈʅʁʇɷʐɼʄɿɼʃ
"
ʅ
.
ʆ
." (
ʅɻʄʅɿʃʗʄʄʅɼ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿɼ
):
ʄɷʆʇɿʃɼʇ
,
əɿʂʓɺɼʂʓʃ
ɩɼʂʂʓ
(
ʅ
.
ʆ
.
ɯɿʂʂɼʇɷ
).
ɟʄɿʍɿɷʂʒ
ɷɹʉʅʇɷ
ʅʆʊʈʁɷʕʉʈʖ
ʆʇɿ
ʄɷɾɹɷʄɿɿ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ɿ
ʆʇɿ
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷʄɿɿ
ɹ
ʉɼʁʈʉɼ
ɹʈɼʃɿʇʄʅ
ɿɾɹɼʈʉʄʒʌ
ɿʃʗʄ
(
ɯɼʁʈʆɿʇ
,
ɦʊʏʁɿʄ
,
ɚʅɺʅʂʓ
,
ɷ
ʄɼ
ɪ
.
ɯɼʁʈʆɿʇ
,
ɗ
.
ɨ
.
ɦʊʏʁɿʄ
,
ɤ
.
ə
.
ɚʅɺʅʂʓ
).
ə
ʅɸɾʅʇʄʒʌ
ʅʎɼʇʁɷʌ
ʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɿɿ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
ɿʄɿʍɿɷʂʒ
ʊʁɷɾʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ʉʅʂʓʁʅ
ʆʇɿ
ʆɼʇɹʅʃ
ʊʆʅʃɿʄɷʄɿɿ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂɼʀ
ɻɷʄʄʅʀ
ʈʉʇɷʄʒ
.
ɟʂʂʕʈʉʇɷʍɿɿ
ɻɷʕʉʈʖ
ʁ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʃ
,
ʆʅʈɹʖʐʗʄʄʒʃ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅʃʊ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʊ
ʇɼʈʆʊɸʂɿʁ
ɨɨɨɧ
,
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
,
ʁ
ʈʉɷʉʓʖʃ
ʅ
ʁʇʊʆʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
,
ʁ
ʅʉɻɼʂʓʄʒʃ
ʉɼʇʃɿʄɷʃ
("
ɚʇɿʃ
", "
ɟʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅ
ɷʁʉʗʇɷ
", "
ɨʍɼʄɷ
"
ɿ
ʉ
.
ɻ
.).
ɟʂʂʕʈʉʇɿʇʊɼʉʈʖ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ʇʖɻ
ʈʉɷʉɼʀ
:
ʅ
ʄɷʇʅɻʄʒʌ
ɷʇʉɿʈʉɷʌ
ɨɨɨɧ
ɿ
ʇɼʈʆʊɸʂɿʁ
,
ʅ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇɷʌ
,
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
,
ʆʅʈɹʖʐʗʄʄʒɼ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʊ
ɹʒɻɷʕʐɿʌʈʖ
ɷʁʉʗʇʅɹ
ʆʇʅʏʂʅɺʅ
,
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒɼ
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ʅ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʖʌ
ʈʅɹʇɼʃɼʄʄʅɺʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
.
ɡʅʂɿʎɼʈʉɹʅ
ɿʂʂʕʈʉʇɷʍɿʀ
ʂɿʃɿʉɿʇʊɼʉʈʖ
ʅɸʑʗʃʅʃ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿʖ
.
ɡ
ʆʅɻɺʅʉʅɹʁɼ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿɿ
ʆʇɿɹʂɼʎɼʄʒ
ʉɼɷʉʇʅɹɼɻʒ
ɨɨɨɧ
ɿ
ʄɼʁʅʉʅʇʒʌ
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
.
ə
ʅɸʈʊɽɻɼʄɿɿ
ʈʂʅɹʄɿʁɷ
ɿ
ʁʇʊʆʄʒʌ
ʈʉɷʉɼʀ
ʆʇɿʄɿʃɷʕʉ
ʊʎɷʈʉɿɼ
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿɿ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹ
ɗʁɷɻɼʃɿɿ
ʄɷʊʁ
ɨɨɨɧ
,
ɷ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ɢɼʄɿʄɺʇɷɻʈʁɿʀ
ɺʅʈʊɻɷʇʈʉɹɼʄʄʒʀ
ʄɷʊʎʄʅ
-
ɿʈʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʈʁɿʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
,
ʃʊɾʒʁɿ
ɿ
ʁɿʄɼʃɷʉʅɺʇɷʋɿɿ
.
ɣɷʉɼʇɿɷʂ
ʆʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʊ
ʇɼʈʆʊɸʂɿʁ
ʆʅɻɺʅʉɷɹʂɿɹɷʕʉ
ʈʆɼʍɿɷʂʓʄʒɼ
ʄɷʊʎʄʅ
-
ɿʈʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʈʁɿɼ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉʒ
ɿ
ɻʇʊɺɿɼ
ʉɼɷʉʇʅɹɼɻʎɼʈʁɿɼ
ʅʇɺɷʄɿɾɷʍɿɿ
ʇɼʈʆʊɸʂɿʁ
:
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅɾʄɷʄɿʖ
,
ʋʅʂʓʁʂʅʇɷ
ɿ
ʔʉʄʅɺʇɷʋɿɿ
ɗɤ
ɪɨɨɧ
,
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
,
ʋʅʂʓʁʂʅʇɷ
ɿ
ʔʉʄʅɺʇɷʋɿɿ
ɗɤ
ɘɨɨɧ
,
ɤɷʊʎʄʅ
-
ɿʈʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʈʁɿʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅɾʄɷʄɿʖ
ɗɤ
ɪɾɸ
.
ɨɨɧ
,
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿɿ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹ
ɗʇʃ
.
ɨɨɧ
,
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɷʇʌɿʉɼʁʉʊʇʒ
ɿ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
ɗɤ
ɗɾɼʇɸ
.
ɨɨɧ
,
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɚʇʊɾ
.
ɨɨɧ
ɿ
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʀ
ʃʊɾɼʀ
ɚʇʊɾ
.
ɨɨɧ
,
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɼ
ʅɸʐɼʈʉɹʅ
ɴʈʉ
.
ɨɨɧ
,
ɨɼʁʉʅʇ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹʅɹɼɻɼʄɿʖ
ɗɤ
ɡɷɾ
.
ɨɨɧ
.
ɨʂʅɹʄɿʁɿ
ʇɼʍɼʄɾɿʇʅɹɷʂɿʈʓ
ɹ
ʇʖɻɼ
ɾɷʇʊɸɼɽʄʒʌ
ʈʉʇɷʄ
(
ɗʄɺʂɿɿ
,
ɘʅʂɺɷʇɿɿ
,
ɧʊʃʒʄɿɿ
,
ɦʅʂʓʏɼ
,
ɚɛɧ
,
ɮɼʌʅʈʂʅɹɷʁɿɿ
,
ɡɿʉɷɼ
,
ɤɿɻɼʇʂɷʄɻɷʌ
,
ɵɺʅʈʂɷɹɿɿ
,
ɟʄɻɿɿ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.).
ɡʅʄʈʊʂʓʉɷʍɿʅʄʄʊʕ
ʇɷɸʅʉʊ
ʆʇʅɹʅɻʖʉ
:
əʒʈʏɿʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹɷ
(
ɨʅʋɿʖ
),
ɤɷʊʎʄʒʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ɿ
ʁɿʄʅ
(
ɘʊɻɷʆɼʏʉ
),
ɗʈʈʅʍɿɷʍɿʖ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʌ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂɼʀ
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺʅɹ
(
ɦɼʁɿʄ
),
ɚʅʈʊɻɷʇʈʉɹɼʄʄʒʀ
ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹ
(
əɷʇʏɷɹɷ
),
ɟʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ
ɿʈʉʅʇɿɿ
ɿʈʁʊʈʈʉɹ
(
ɘʊʌɷʇɼʈʉ
),
ɡɷɸɿʄɼʉ
ʎɼʏʈʁʅɺʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
ɮɼʌʅʈʂʅɹɷʍʁʅʀ
ɷʁɷɻɼʃɿɿ
ʄɷʊʁ
(
ɦʇɷɺɷ
),
ɩɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʀ
ʃʊɾɼʀ
(
ɘɼʂɺʇɷɻ
)
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɘʅʂʓʏʊʕ
ʆʅʃʅʐʓ
ɹ
ʆʅɻɺʅʉʅɹʁɼ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿʖ
ʅʁɷɾʒɹɷɼʉ
ɸɿɸʂɿʅɺʇɷʋɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ
ʁɷɸɿʄɼʉ
əʈɼʇʅʈʈɿʀʈʁʅɺʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ʅɸʐɼʈʉɹɷ
.
ɨʉɷʉʓɿ
ɴʄʍɿʁʂʅʆɼɻɿɿ
ʆʅɻʆɿʈʒɹɷʕʉʈʖ
ɿʄɿʍɿɷʂɷʃɿ
ɷɹʉʅʇʅɹ
(
ʇɷʈʏɿʋʇʅɹʁɷ
ɿʄɿʍɿɷʂʅɹ
ɻɷʗʉʈʖ
ɹ
ʁʅʄʍɼ
ʁɷɽɻʅɺʅ
ʉʅʃɷ
).
ɨʉɷʉʓɿ
,
ʄɼ
ɿʃɼʕʐɿɼ
ʆʅɻʆɿʈɿ
,
ʆʅɻɺʅʉʅɹʂɼʄʒ
ʇɼɻɷʁʍɿɼʀ
.
ə
ʆʅʈʂɼɻʄɼʃ
ʉʅʃɼ
ʆʅʃɼʐɷɼʉʈʖ
ʊʁɷɾɷʉɼʂʓ
ʈ
ʉɼʃɷʉɿʎɼʈʁʅʀ
ʈɿʈʉɼʃɷʉɿɾɷʍɿɼʀ
ʅʆʊɸʂɿʁʅɹɷʄʄʅɺʅ
ɹ
ʉʅʃɷʌ
ʃɷʉɼʇɿɷʂɷ
.
ɨʆɿʈʅʁ
ʅʈʄʅɹʄʒʌ
ʈʅʁʇɷʐɼʄɿʀ
,
ʆʇɿʄʖʉʒʌ
ɻʂʖ
ʄɷʈʉʅʖʐɼɺʅ
ɿɾɻɷʄɿʖ
,
ʆʅʃɼʐʗʄ
ɹ
ʁʅʄʍɼ
ʆɼʇɹʅɺʅ
ʉʅʃɷ
.
3
ɗɗə
,
ɴɹɷʂʓɻ
(22.II.1900-21.III.1939) -
ʔʈʉʅʄʈʁɿʀ
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇ
.
ɥɻɿʄ
ɿɾ
ʅʈʄʅɹʅʆʅʂʅɽʄɿʁʅɹ
ʔʈʉ
.
ʄɷʍ
.
ʅʆɼʇʒ
.
ə
1926
ʅʁʅʄʎɿʂ
ɩɷʂʂɿʄʈʁʊʕ
ʁʅʄʈɼʇɹɷʉʅʇɿʕ
(
ʊʎɼʄɿʁ
ɗ
.
ɡɷʆʆɷ
).
ə
1928
ʉ
-
ʇʅʃ
"
ɴʈʉʅʄɿʖ
"
ɸʒʂɷ
ʆʅʈʉɷɹʂɼʄɷ
ɺɼʇʅɿʁɼ
-
ʇʅʃɷʄʉɿʎ
.
ʅʆɼʇɷ
ɗ
. "
əɿʁɼʇʍʒ
" ("
əɿʁɿʄɺɿ
";
ʄʅɹɷʖ
ʆʅʈʉ
. -
ɹ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
"
əɷʄɼʃʊʀʄɼ
", 1956) -
ʃʊɾ
.
ɻʇɷʃɷ
ʅ
ʆʅʌʅɻɼ
ɻʇɼɹʄɿʌ
ʔʈʉʅɹ
,
ɸʅʇʅɹʏɿʌʈʖ
ʆʇʅʉɿɹ
ʈʁɷʄɻɿʄɷɹʈʁɿʌ
ɾɷɹʅɼɹɷʉɼʂɼʀ
-
ɹɿʁɿʄɺʅɹ
,
ɹ
ʏɹɼɻʈʁʊʕ
ʁʇɼʆʅʈʉʓ
ɨɿɺʉʊʄɷ
ɹ
1198.
ɥʆɼʇɷ
ɗ
.-
ʅɻʄʅ
ɿɾ
ʆɼʇɹʒʌ
ɾʄɷʎɿʉɼʂʓʄʒʌ
ʆʇʅɿɾɹ
.
ʔʈʉ
.
ʅʆɼʇʄʅʀ
ʃʊɾʒʁɿ
;
ɷʇɿɿ
ɿ
ɷʄʈɷʃɸʂɿ
ɿɾ
"
əɿʁɼʇʍɼɹ
"
ɹʌʅɻʖʉ
ɹ
ʁʅʄʍɼʇʉʄʒʀ
ʇɼʆɼʇʉʊɷʇ
ʔʈʉ
.
ʆɼɹʍʅɹ
.
ɗ
.
ʆʇɿʄɷɻʂɼɽɿʉ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ʇʖɻ
ʈɿʃʋ
.,
ʁɷʃɼʇʄʅ
-
ɿʄʈʉʇʊʃɼʄʉ
.
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ʈʅʎ
.
ɘʒʂ
ʅɻʄɿʃ
ɿɾ
ʇʊʁʅɹʅɻɿʉɼʂɼʀ
ʔʈʉ
.
ʌʅʇʅɹ
;
ʃʄ
.
ɹʄɿʃɷʄɿʖ
ʊɻɼʂʖʂ
ɿɾʊʎɼʄɿʕ
ʄɷʇ
.
ʃʊɾ
.
ɿʈʁ
-
ɹɷ
.
ɢɿʉ
.:
ɣɿʂʅɹʈʁɿʀ
ɨ
.,
ɥʆɼʇʄʅɼ
ɿ
ɸɷʂɼʉʄʅɼ
ʉɹʅʇʎɼʈʉɹʅ
,
ɹ
ʁʄ
.:
ɣʊɾʒʁɷ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁʅʀ
ɴʈʉʅʄɿɿ
,
ɩɷʂʂɿʄ
, 1956. X.
ɡʒʇ
.
ɗɗɢɘɜɧɚ
(Aalberg),
ɟɻɷ
(4.XII.1857,
ɢɼʆʆʖʁʅʈʁɿ
. - 17.1, 1915,
ɦɼʉɼʇɸʊʇɺ
) -
ʋɿʄʈʁɷʖ
ɷʁʉʇɿʈɷ
.
ə
1874
ʄɷʎɷʂɷ
ʈʍɼʄɿʎ
.
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
ɹ
ɫɿʄʈʁʅʃ
ʉ
-
ʇɼ
ɹ
ɚɼʂʓʈɿʄɺʋʅʇʈɼ
(
ɬɼʂʓʈɿʄʁɿ
),
ɺɻɼ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂɷ
ɻʅ
1885
ɿ
ɹ
1887-89.
ə
1885
ɿɺʇɷʂɷ
ɹ
ʉ
-
ʇɷʌ
ɨʉʅʁɺʅʂʓʃɷ
,
ɥʈʂʅ
,
ɾɷʉɼʃ
-
ɡʅʆɼʄɺɷɺɼʄɷ
,
ɘɼʇʂɿʄɷ
.
ə
1893
ʅʇɺɷʄɿɾʅɹɷʂɷ
ʈʅɸʈʉɹ
.
ʉʇʊʆʆʊ
,
ɹʒʈʉʊʆɷɹʏʊʕ
ɹ
ɫɿʄʂʖʄɻɿɿ
ɿ
ɧʅʈʈɿɿ
(
ɦɼʉɼʇɸʊʇɺ
).
ə
1909-11
ʊʎɷʈʉɹʅɹɷʂɷ
ɹ
ʇʊʁʅɹʅɻʈʉɹɼ
ɫɿʄʈʁɿʃ
ʄɷʆɿʅ
.-
ʄɷʂʓʄʒʃ
ʉ
-
ʇʅʃ
.
ɟʈʁ
-
ɹʅ
ɗ
\,
ʅɻʄʅʀ
ɿɾ
ʁʇʊʆʄɼʀʏɿʌ
ʋɿʄ
.
ɷʁʉʇɿʈ
,
ʅʉʂɿʎɷʂʅʈʓ
ɸʅʂʓʏʅʀ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉɿʎ
.
ʈɿʂʅʀ
.
ɗ
.
ʈʅɾɻɷɹɷʂɷ
ʅɸʇɷɾʒ
ʂʕɸʖʐɿʌ
ɿ
ʈʉʇɷɻɷʕʐɿʌ
ɽɼʄʐɿʄ
,
ʅʉʃɼʎɼʄʄʒɼ
ɺʂʊɸɿʄʅʀ
ʎʊɹʈʉɹ
,
ʍɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓʕ
ɿ
ʈʉʇɷʈʉʄʅʈʉʓʕ
..
ə
ɿɺʇɼ
ɗ
.
ʉʅʄʁʅɼ
ʇɷʈʁʇʒʉɿɼ
ʆʈɿʌʅʂʅɺɿɿ
ɺɼʇʅɿʄʓ
ʈʅʎɼʉɷʂʅʈʓ
ʈ
ʅʉʉʅʎɼʄʄʅʀ
ɹʄɼʏʄɼʀ
ʋʅʇʃʅʀ
,
ʉʐɷʉɼʂʓʄʅʀ
ʅʉɻɼʂʁʅʀ
ɻɼʉɷʂɼʀ
.
ɨʇɼɻɿ
ʂʊʎʏɿʌ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
:
ɡɿʇʈʉɿ
("
ɨʃɼʇʉʓ
ɴʂɿʄʒ
"
ɤʕʃɼʇʈɷ
),
ɥʋɼʂɿʖ
,
ɣɷʇɿʖ
ɨʉʕɷʇʉ
;
ɚʇɼʉʌɼʄ
("
ɫɷʊʈʉ
"
ɚʗʉɼ
),
ɣɷɺɻɷ
("
ɧʅɻɿʄɷ
"
ɞʊɻɼʇʃɷʄɷ
),
ɣɷʇɺɷʇɿʉɷ
ɚʅʉʓɼ
("
ɛɷʃɷ
ʈ
ʁɷʃɼʂɿʖʃɿ
"
ɛʕʃɷ
-
ʈʒʄɷ
),
ɫɼʅɻʅʇɷ
(
ʅ
.
ʆ
.
ɨɷʇɻʊ
),
ɤʅʇɷ
;
ɧɼɸɼʁʁɷ
ɿ
ɚɼɻɻɷ
ɚɷɸʂɼʇ
("
ɧʅʈʃɼʇʈʌʅʂʓʃ
", "
ɚɼɻɻɷ
ɚɷɸʂɼʇ
"
ɟɸʈɼʄɷ
).
ɗ
. "
ɨ
.
ɗɗɧɤɟ
(Aarni),
ɡɷʇʂʅ
(
ʇ
. 2.VIII. 1888) -
ʋɿʄʈʁɿʀ
ɷʁʉʗʇ
ɿ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇ
.
ɪʎɼʄɿʁ
ɿɾɹɼʈʉʄʒʌ
ʋɿʄ
.
ɷʁʉʗʇʅɹ
ɴ
.
ɩʅʃʆʊʇɿ
,
ɗ
.
ɗʂɸɼʇɺɷ
,
ɗ
.
ɥʇʓʖʉʈɷʂʅ
.
ɛɼɸʕʉɿʇʅɹɷʂ
ɹ
1907
ɹ
"
ɧɷɸʅʎɼʃ
ʉ
-
ʇɼ
" (
ɩɷʃʆɼʇɼ
),
ɺɻɼ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂ
ɻʅ
1910.
ə
1910-16
ɺɷʈʉʇʅʂɿʇʅɹɷʂ
ʆʅ
ʈʉʇɷʄɼ
,
ɹ
1916-17
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂ
ɹ
"
ɤʅɹʅʃ
ʉɼɷʉʇɼ
"
(
ɬɼʂʓʈɿʄʁɿ
),
ɹ
4925-27-
ɹ
ʉ
-
ʇɼ
"
ɤɷʇʅɻʄɷʖ
ʈʍɼʄɷ
" (
ɬɼʂʓʈɿʄʁɿ
),
ɹ
4918-25,
1940-48-
ɹ
"
ɩɷʃʃɼʇʋʅʇʈʈʁʅʃ
ʉ
-
ʇɼ
".
ɨʇɼɻɿ
ʇʅʂɼʀ
ɗ
.:
ɴʈʁʅ
,
ɴʔʄʅʁʁɿ
,
ɨɷʁɼʊʈ
("
ɨɼʂʓʈʁɿɼ
ʈɷʆʅɽʄɿ
ʁɿ
", "
ɥɸʇʊʎɼʄɿɼ
", "
ɢɼɷ
"
ɡɿɹɿ
),
ɪʅʂɼɹɿ
("
ɨʃɼʇʉʓ
ɴʂɿʄʒ
"
ɤʕʃɼʇʈɷ
),
ɣɷʂʓɹʅʂɿʅ
("
ɛɹɼʄɷɻʍɷʉɷʖ
ʄʅʎʓ
")
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɨ
1918
ɾɷʄɿʃɷʂʈʖ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇʈʁʅʀ
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓʕ
.
ɗ
.
ʆʅʈʉɷɹɿʂ
ʆʓɼʈʒ
ʄɷʍ
.
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɿɿ
: "
ɨɼʂʓʈʁɿɼ
ʈɷʆʅɽʄɿʁɿ
", "
ɡʊʂʂɼʇɹʅ
", "
ɥɸʇʊʎɼʄɿɼ
", "
ɢɼɷ
"
ɡɿɹɿ
,
"
ɛɷʄɿ
-
ɼʂʓ
ɬʓʕʇʉ
"
əɼʁʈɼʂʂʖ
, "
ɝɼʄʐɿʄʒ
ɤɿʈʁɷɹʊʅʇʄ
" ("
ɡɷʃɼʄʄʅɼ
ɺʄɼɾɻʅ
")
əʊʅʂɿʀʅʁɿ
.
ɨʇɼɻɿ
ɻʇ
.
ʇɷɸʅʉ
: "
ɚɷʃʂɼʉ
", "
ɛɹɼʄɷɻʍɷʉɷʖ
ʄʅʎʓ
"; "
əʅʈʁʇɼʈɼʄɿɼ
"
(
ʆʅ
ɢ
.
ɩʅʂʈʉʅʃʊ
), "
ɧɼɹɿɾʅʇ
"
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɗ
.
ɹʅʈʆɿʉɷʂ
ʃʄ
.
ɷʁʉʗʇʅɹ
ɿ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇʅɹ
ʋɿʄʈʁʅɺʅ
ʉ
-
ʇɷ
,
ʊɻɼʂʖʂ
ɸʅʂʓʏʅɼ
ɹʄɿʃɷʄɿɼ
ʇɷɸʅʉɼ
ʈɼʂʓʈʁɿʌ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
.
ʁʇʊɽʁʅɹ
.
ə
1929-50
ʆʇɿʄɿʃɷʂ
ʊʎɷʈʉɿɼ
ɹ
ʇɷɸʅʉɼ
ʉ
-
ʇʅɹ
ʄɼɸʅʂʓʏɿʌ
ɺʅʇʅɻʅɹ
:
ɩɷʃʆɼʇɼ
,
ɡʅʉʁɷ
,
ɧɷʊʃɷ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɨ
.
ɢ
.
"
ɗɘɗɠ
"- 1)
ɩʇɷɺɼɻɿʖ
ɣ
.
ɗʊʔɾʅɹɷ
ɿ
ɢ
.
ɨʅɸʅʂɼɹɷ
ɹ
4
ɷʁʉɷʌ
, 6
ʁɷʇʉɿʄɷʌ
(
ʅ
ʆʅʈʂɼɻʄɼʃ
ʆɼʇɿʅɻɼ
ɽɿɾʄɿ
ɹɼʂɿʁʅɺʅ
ʁɷɾɷʌʈʁʅɺʅ
ʆʅʔʉɷ
,
ɻɼʃʅʁʇɷʉɷ
-
ʆʇʅʈɹɼʉɿʉɼʂʖ
ɗɸɷʖ
ɡʊʄɷʄɸɷɼɹɷ
).
ɨʅʎ
. 1939 (
ʄɷ
ʁɷɾɷʌ
,
ɿ
ʇʊʈ
.
ʖɾ
.
ʆɷʇɷʂʂɼʂʓʄʅ
).
ɦʅʈʉ
. 20
ʅʁʉ
. 1940,
ɡɷɾɷʌʈʁɿʀ
ʉ
-
ʇ
ɻʇɷʃʒ
,
ɗʂʃɷ
-
ɗʉɷ
[
ʇɼɽ
.
ɩʅʁɿɷʄʅɹ
,
ʌʊɻ
-
ɮɷʇʄʅʃʈʁɿʀ
(
ɻɼʁʅʇɷʍɿɿ
)
ɿ
ɬʅɻɽɿʁʅɹ
(
ʁʅʈʉʕʃʒ
),
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿ
ʉʅʇ
ɝʊɸɷʄʅɹ
;
ɗɸɷʀ
-
ɡʊɷʄʒʏʆɷɼɹ
,
ɡɼʇɿʃ
-
ɘɷɻʒʇʅɹ
ɿ
ɗʀʃɷʄʅɹ
,
ɗʀɻɷʇ
-
ɨʒɾɻʒʁʅɹ
,
ɞɷʀʄɼʆ
-
ɡʅʀʎʊɸɷɼɹɷ
,
ɝɿ
-
ʇɼʄʏɼ
-
ɡʅɽɷʃʁʊʂʅɹ
1.
ɨʉɷɹɿʂɷʈʓ
ʉɷʁɽɼ
ɹ
ɨɼʃɿʆɷʂɷʉɿʄʈʁɼ
(
ɹ
1945, 1952 -
ʁɷɾɷʌ
,
ʉʇʊʆʆʅʀ
,
ɹ
1959 -
ʇʊʈ
.)
ɿ
ɹ
ɻʇ
.
ɺʅʇʅɻɷʌ
ɡɷɾ
.
ɨɨɧ
.
2)
ɟʄʈʍɼʄɿʇʅɹʁɷ
ʆʅ
ʇʅʃɷʄʊ
"
ɗɸɷʀ
"
ɣ
.
ɗʊʔɾʅɹɷ
.
ɦʅʈʉ
. 28
ɻɼʁ
. 1949,
ɡɷɾɷʌʈʁɿʀ
ʉ
-
ʇ
ɻʇɷʃʒ
,
ɗʂʃɷ
-
ɗʉɷ
.
ɨʉ
.
ʆʇ
1952. [
ɗɹʉʅʇʒ
ɿʄʈʍ
.
ɿ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇʒ
ʈʆɼʁʉɷʁʂʖ
ɗʀʃɷʄʅɹ
ɿ
ɯʉɼʀʄ
,
ʌʊɻ
.
ɚʅʂʊɸʅɹɿʎ
,
ʁʅʃʆʅɾɿʉʅʇ
ɜʇɾɷʁʅɹɿʎ
(
ɹ
ʅʈʄʅɹɼ
-
ʃʊɾ
.
ʆɼʈʄɿ
ɗɸɷʖ
ɿ
ɘɿʇɽɷʄɷ
);
ɵʄʒʀ
ɗɸɷʀ
-
ɟʈʃɷɿʂʅɹ
,
ɗɸɷʀ
"
ɹ
4
ɾʇɼʂʅʃ
ɹʅɾʇɷʈʉɼ
-
ɘɷɻʒʇʅɹ
,
ɡʊʄɷʄɸɷʀ
-
ɡʊɷʄʒʏʆɷɼɹ
,
ɛɷʇʁɼʃɸɷʀ
-
ɪʃʊʇɾɷʁʅɹ
,
ɞɼʇɼ
-
ɡʅʀʎʊɸɷɼɹɷ
,
ɣɷʀɸɷʈɷʇ
-
ɡʅɽɷʃʁʊʂʅɹ
.
əɼɻʊʐɿʀ
-
ɗʀʃɷʄʅɹ
ɿ
ɘʊʁɼɼɹɷ
].
ɟʄʈʍɼʄɿʇʅɹʁɷ
ʈʉɷɹɿʂɷʈʓ
ʁɷɾɷʌ
.
ʉ
-
ʇɷʃɿ
ɹ
ɡɷʇɷɺɷʄɻɼ
,
ɮɿʃʁɼʄʉɼ
,
ɚʊʇʓɼɹɼ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɟ
ɾ
ɻ
ɷ
ʄ
ɿ
ʖ
.-
ɗ
ʊ
ʔ
ɾ
ʅ
ɹ
ɣ
.,
ɨʅɸʅʂɼɹ
ɢ
.,
ɗɸɷʀ
.
ɩʇɷɺɼɻɿʖ
ɹ
4
ɷʁʉɷʌ
,
ɸ
ʁ
.,
ɣ
.-
ɢ
., 1945.
ɢɿʉ
.:
ɢ
ʓ
ɹ
ʅ
ɹ
ɤ
.
ɟ
.,
ɡɷɾɷʌʈʁɿʀ
ɗʁɷɻɼʃɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
ɻʇɷʃʒ
,
ɗʂʃɷ
-
ɗʉɷ
,
1957,
ʈ
. 160-166, 307-313.
ɗ
.
ɯʄ
.
ɗɘɗɡɗɧɥə
,
ɗʌʃɼɻ
ʌɷʄ
(
ʇ
. 12. XII. 1931) -
ɻɷʇɺɿʄʈʁɿʀ
(
ɛɷɺɼʈʉɷʄ
)
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʀ
ʆɿʈɷʉɼʂʓ
,
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺ
.
ɦɼʇɹʒʀ
ɻɷʇɺɿʄʈʁɿʀ
ʆʇʅʋ
.
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺ
.
ə
1956
ʅʁʅʄʎɿʂ
ɢɿʉ
.
ɿʄ
-
ʉ
ɿʃ
.
ɚʅʇʓʁʅɺʅ
ɹ
ɣʅʈʁɹɼ
.
ɢɿʉ
.
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
ʄɷʎɷʂ
ɹ
1948.
ɤɷʆɿʈɷʂ
ʆʓɼʈʊ
"
əɿʄʅɹɷʉʒɼ
" (1957,
ɡʊʃʒʁʈʁɿʀ
ʉ
-
ʇ
,
ɣɷʌɷʎʁɷʂɷ
),
ʆʓɼʈʊ
ɻʂʖ
ɻɼʉɼʀ
"
ɤʊʇ
-
ɴɻɻɿʄ
--
ɾʅʂʅʉʒɼ
ʇʊʁɿ
" (1959,
ʉ
-
ʇ
ʁʊʁʅʂ
,
ɣɷʌɷʎʁɷʂɷ
).
ɣ
.
ɶ
.
ɟ
.
ɗɷʂɸɼʇɺɹ
ʇʅʂɿ
ɚɼɻɻʒ
ɚɷɸʂɼʇ
.
ɬʊɻ
.
ɗ
.
ɴɻɼʂʓʋɼʂʓʉ
.
ɗɘɗɡɗɧɥə
,
ɧɷɸɷɻɷʄ
ɚɷʈɷʄʅɹɿʎ
(
ʇ
. 1917) -
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʀ
ʍɿʇʁʅɹʅʀ
ɷʇʉɿʈʉ
;
ʁɷʄɷʉʅʌʅɻɼʍ
.
ɦʅ
ʄɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅʈʉɿ
ʂɷʁ
.
ɤɷʇ
.
ɷʇʉ
.
ɧɨɫɨɧ
(1960).
ɮʂɼʄ
ɡɦɨɨ
ʈ
1948.
ə
ʍɿʇʁɼ
ʄɷʎɷʂ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʉʓ
ʈ
1935.
ɨʅɾɻɷʉɼʂʓ
,
ʊʎɷʈʉʄɿʁ
ɿ
ʇʊʁʅɹʅɻɿʉɼʂʓ
ʄʅʃɼʇɷ
ɻɷɺ
.
ʁɷʄɷʉʅʌʅɻʍɼɹ
"
ɭʅɹʁʇɷ
".
ɗ
.
ɹʆɼʇɹʒɼ
ʆɼʇɼʄʗʈ
ʄɷ
ʁɷʄɷʉ
ʈʂʅɽʄʒɼ
ɷʁʇʅɸɷʉɿʎ
.
ʉʇʕʁɿ
ʈ
ʆʅɻʁɿɻʄʅʀ
ɻʅʈʁʅʀ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɪʈʆɼʏʄʅ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷɼʉ
ɿ
ʁɷʁ
ʆɼɻɷɺʅɺ
-
ʉʇɼʄɼʇ
,
ɹʅʈʆɿʉɷʂ
ʇʖɻ
ɷʇʉɿʈʉʅɹ
ʍɿʇʁɷ
ɿɾ
ʎɿʈʂɷ
ʂɷʁʈʁʅʀ
ʃʅʂʅɻʗɽɿ
(
ʊʎɷʈʉʄɿʁɿ
ʄʅʃɼʇɷ
:
ʄɷʇ
.
ɷʇʉ
.
ɛɷɺ
.
ɗɨɨɧ
ɣ
.
ɗɸɷʁɷʇʅɹ
,
ɣ
.
ɗɺɷɼɹ
,
ɾɷʈʂʊɽɼʄʄʒʀ
ɷʇʉ
.
ɛɷɺ
.
ɗɨɨɧ
ɡ
.
ɣɼɻɽɿɻʅɹ
).
ɗɘɗɡ
‚
ɢɟɶ
,
ɩɷʃɷʇɷ
ɚʇɿɺʅʇʓɼɹʄɷ
[19. VIII (1. IX). 1905 -14. V. 1953J -
ɺʇʊɾɿʄʈʁɿʀ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʀ
ʈʁʊʂʓʆʉʅʇ
,
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʒʀ
ʌʊɻʅɽʄɿʁ
.
ɞɷʈʂ
.
ɻɼʖʉ
.
ɿʈʁ
-
ɹ
ɚʇʊɾ
.
ɨɨɧ
(1941).
ɮʂɼʄ
ɡɦɨɨ
ʈ
1942.
ə
1924-29
ʊʎɿʂɷʈʓ
ɹ
ɩɸɿʂɿʈʈʁʅʀ
ɷʁɷɻɼʃɿɿ
ʌʊɻʅɽɼʈʉɹ
.
ə
ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ
ʉɼ
-
ɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅ
-
ɻɼʁʅʇɷʍ
.
ɽɿɹʅʆɿʈɿ
ʄɷʎɷʂɷ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʉʓ
ʆʅɻ
ʇʊʁ
.
ɡ
.
ɗ
.
ɣɷʇɻɽɷʄɿʏɹɿʂɿ
.
ə
1932-34
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂɷ
ʌʊɻʅɽʄɿʁʅʃ
ɡʊʉɷɿʈʈʁʅɺʅ
ʉ
-
ʇɷ
.
ə
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʌ
ɩɸɿʂɿʈɿ
ʅʋʅʇʃɿʂɷ
ʈʆɼʁʉɷʁʂɿ
:
ɹ
ɩ
-
ʇɼ
ɿʃ
.
ɣɷʇɻɽɷʄɿʏɹɿʂɿ
- "
ɡʅʃʃʊʄɷ
ɹ
ʈʉɼʆɿ
"
ɡʊʂɿʏɷ
(1930), "
ɯɷʃɿʂʓ
"
əɷ
-
ʁɼʂɿ
(1935), "
ɢɷʂɿ
"
ɡɷʂɷɻɾɼ
(1947);
ɹ
ɩ
-
ʇɼ
ɿʃ
.
ɧʊʈʉɷɹɼʂɿ
- "
ɦʅʂɷɻɷʊʇɿ
"
ɯɷʄʏɿɷʏɹɿʂɿ
(1938), "
ɥʂɼʄʓɼ
ʊʐɼʂʓɼ
"
ɡʂɻɿ
-
ɷʏɹɿʂɿ
(1944), "
ɬɼɹɿʈɸɼʇɿ
ɚʅʎɷ
"
ʆʅ
ɡɷɾɸɼɺɿ
(1945);
ɹ
ɩ
-
ʇɼ
ʅʆɼʇʒ
ɿ
ɸɷʂɼʉɷ
ɿʃɼʄɿ
ɦɷʂɿɷʏɹɿʂɿ
- "
ɣɷʂʉɷʁ
-
ɹɷ
"
ɯ
.
ɩɷʁʉɷʁɿʏɹɿʂɿ
(1938),
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɗ
.
ʆʇɿʄɷɻʂɼɽɿʉ
ʌʊɻʅɽɼʈʉɹɼʄʄʅɼ
ʅʋʅʇʃʂɼʄɿɼ
ʁɿʄʅʁɷʇʉɿʄ
"
ɗʇʈɼʄ
", "
ɚɼʅʇɺɿʀ
ɨɷɷʁɷɻɾɼ
", "
ɛɷɹɿɻ
ɚʊʇɷʃɿʏɹɿʂɿ
"
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɤ
.
ɴ
.
ɗɘɗɢɡɟɤ
,
ɤɿʁʅʂɷʀ
ɗʂɼʁʈɷʄɻʇʅɹɿʎ
(
ʇ
. 17.X. 1906) -
ʇʊʈʈʁɿʀ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇʅɹɼɻ
ɿ
ʁʇɿʉɿʁ
.
ɮʂɼʄ
ɡɦɨɨ
ʈ
1942.
ɥʁʅʄʎɿʂ
ʇɼɽɿʈʈʗʇʈʁɿʀ
ʋ
-
ʉ
ɚɟɩɟɨɷ
(1940).
ɢɿʉ
.
ɻɼʖʉɼʂʓʄʅʈʉʓ
ʄɷʎɷʂ
ɹ
1930.
ɡʇɿʉɿʎ
.
ʈʉɷʉʓɿ
ɿ
ʇɼʍɼʄɾɿɿ
ɗ
.
ʆʅʈɹ
.
ɹʅʆʇʅʈɷʃ
ʈʅɹ
.
ʉ
-
ʇɷ
.
ɨʅʎ
.:
ɨɿʈʉɼʃɷ
ɨʉɷʄɿʈʂɷɹʈʁʅɺʅ
ɿ
ʈʅɹɼʉʈʁɿʀ
ʉɼɷʉʇ
,
ɣ
., 1950, 2
ɿɾɻ
.,
ɣ
.,
1954;
ɡʇʊɺʅɾʅʇ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉʊʇɺɷ
.
ɞɷʃɼʉʁɿ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ
ʁʇɿʉɿʁɷ
,
ɣ
., 1957;
ɩɼɷʉʇ
ʇʊʈʈʁʅɺʅ
ʄɷʇʅɻɷ
,
ɹ
ʈɸ
.:
ɜɽɼɺʅɻʄɿʁ
ɣɷʂʅɺʅ
ʉɼɷʉʇɷ
1953-1954,
ɣ
., 1956,
ʈ
.
11-70;
ɨʊɻʓɸɷ
ɺɼʇʅʖ
, "
ɥʁʉʖɸʇʓ
", 1956, .
ʞ
3,
ʈ
. 174-182;
ɨʅɻɼʇɽɷʄɿɼ
ʉɼʃʒ
,
"
ɥʁʉʖɸʇʓ
", 1957,
ʞ
8,
ʈ
. 188-196. (7.
ɚ
.
ɗɘɗɧɟɤɥəɗ
,
ɗʄʉʅʄɿʄɷ
ɟɹɷʄʅɹʄɷ
(
ʄɷʈʉ
.
ʋɷʃ
.-
ɧɼʀʌɼʂʓʉ
) [12/24). VII.
1842 - 16 (29). VII. 19011 -
ʇʊʈʈʁɷʖ
ʅʆɼʇʄɷʖ
(
ʁʅʄʉʇɷʂʓʉʅ
,
ɹʆʅʈʂɼɻʈʉɹɿɿ
-
ʃɼʍʍʅ
-
ʈʅʆʇɷʄʅ
)
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃɷʉɿʎɼʈʁɷʖ
ɷʁʉʇɿʈɷ
.
ɪʎɿʂɷʈʓ
ʆɼʄɿʕ
ʈʄɷʎɷʂɷ
ɹ
ɦɼʉɼʇɸʊʇɺɼ
,
ɾɷʉɼʃ
ɹ
ɣɿʂɷʄɼ
.
ɘʇɷʂɷ
ʊʇʅʁɿ
ʆɼʄɿʖ
ʊ
ɦ
.
əɿɷʇɻʅ
ɹ
ɦɷʇɿɽɼ
(
ɹ
1874).
ɨ
1861
ʆɼʂɷ
ɹ
ʅʆɼʇʄʒʌ
ʉ
-
ʇɷʌ
ɚɼʄʊɿ
,
ɣʅʈʁɹʒ
,
ɥɻɼʈʈʒ
ɿ
ɻʇ
.
ɺʅʇʅɻʅɹ
ʆʅɻ
ʆʈɼɹɻ
.
ɧɼɻɽɿ
.
ə
ʁʅʄʍɼ
60-
ʌ
ɺɺ
.
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂɷ
ɹ
ʅʆɼʇʄʒʌ
ʉ
-
ʇɷʌ
ɥɻɼʈʈʒ
ɿ
ɩɿʋʂɿʈɷ
.
ə
1872
ʆʅʈʂɼ
ʊɻɷʎʄʅɺʅ
ɻɼɸʕʉɷ
ɹ
ɦɼʉɼʇɸʊʇɺɼ
(
ɦɼʇɿʁʅʂɷ
- "
ɦʉɿʎʁɿ
ʆɼɹʎɿɼ
"
ɥʋʋɼʄɸɷʌɷ
)
ɸʒʂɷ
ɾɷʎɿʈʂɼʄɷ
ʄɷ
ʈʂʊɽɸʊ
ɹ
ʅʆɼʇʄʒʀ
ɿ
ɻʇɷʃ
.
ɿʃʆɼʇɷʉʅʇʈʁɿɼ
ʉ
-
ʇʒ
.
ɛʅ
1878
ɹʒʈʉʊʆɷʂɷ
ʆʇɼɿʃ
.
ɹ
ʅʆɼʇɷʌ
ɿ
ʅʆɼʇɼʉʉɷʌ
.
ɦɷʇʉɿɿ
:
əɷʄʖ
("
ɟɹɷʄ
ɨʊʈɷʄɿʄ
"),
ɡʄʖɺɿʄʖ
,
ɢɷʊʇɷ
("
ɧʊʈɷʂʁɷ
", "
ɡɷʃɼʄʄʒʀ
ɺʅʈʉʓ
"
ɛɷʇɺʅʃʒɽʈʁʅɺʅ
),
ɨʆɿʇɿɻʅʄʅɹʄɷ
("
əʇɷɽʓʖ
ʈɿʂɷ
"
ɨɼʇʅɹɷ
),
ɦɷʃɼʂɷ
("
ɫʇɷ
-
ɛʓʖɹʅʂɼ
"
ɥɸɼʇɷ
).
ɗ
.
ʅɸʂɷɻɷʂɷ
ʇʅɹʄʒʃ
ɹʅ
ɹʈɼʌ
ʇɼɺɿʈʉʇɷʌ
ɺʅʂʅʈʅʃ
,
ʆʇɼʁʇɷʈʄʅʀ
ʋʇɷɾɿʇʅɹʁʅʀ
,
ɸʅʂʓʏʅʀ
ʃʊɾʒʁɷʂʓʄʅʈʉʓʕ
.
ɨ
1878
ɻʅ
ʁʅʄʍɷ
ɽɿɾʄɿ
ʇɷɸʅʉɷʂɷ
ɹ
ɻʇɷʃɼ
.
ɧʅʂɿ
:
ɤɷʉɷʂɿʖ
ɛʃɿʉʇɿɼɹʄɷ
("
ɚʅʇɼ
ʅʉ
ʊʃɷ
"),
ɞɹɼɾɻɿʄʍɼɹɷ
5
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