SPSS Programming.pdf

SPSS Programming

and Data Management, 4th Edition

A Guide for SPSS and SAS ® Users

Raynald Levesque and SPSS Inc.

For more information about SPSS ® software products, please visit our Web site at http://www.spss.com or contact:

SPSS Inc.

233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor

Chicago, IL 60606-6412

Tel: (312) 651-3000

Fax: (312) 651-3668

SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. for its proprietary computer

software. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners of

the trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials.

The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the

Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software

clause at 52.227-7013. Contractor/manufacturer is SPSS Inc., 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-6412.

Patent No. 7,023,453

General notice: Other product names mentioned herein are used for identiﬁcation purposes only and may be trademarks of

their respective companies.

SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc.

Python is a registered trademark of the Python Software Foundation.

Microsoft, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Ofﬁce, Access, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, and Windows are either registered trademarks

or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

DataDirect, DataDirect Connect, INTERSOLV, and SequeLink are registered trademarks of DataDirect Technologies.

LEAD, LEADTOOLS, and LEADVIEW are registered trademarks of LEAD Technologies, Inc.

Portions of this product were based on the work of the FreeType Team ( http://www.freetype.org ).

software is provided “as-is,” without express or implied warranty. In no event shall the authors of zlib be held liable for any

damages arising from the use of this software.

reserved. The Sun Java Runtime libraries include code licensed from RSA Security, Inc. Some portions of the libraries are

licensed from IBM and are available at http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/ . Sun makes no warranties to the software of any kind.

rights reserved.

SPSS Programming and Data Management, 4th Edition: A Guide for SPSS and SAS Users

Printed in the United States of America.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any

means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of the publisher.

1234567890 10090807

ISBN-13: 978-1-56827-390-7

ISBN-10: 1-56827-390-8

Preface

Experienced data analysts know that a successful analysis or meaningful report often

requires more work in acquiring, merging, and transforming data than in specifying

the analysis or report itself. SPSS contains powerful tools for accomplishing and

automating these tasks. While much of this capability is available through the

graphical user interface, many of the most powerful features are available only through

command syntax—and you can make the programming features of its command syntax

signiﬁcantly more powerful by adding the ability to combine it with a full-featured

programming language. This book offers many examples of the kinds of things that

you can accomplish using SPSS command syntax by itself and in combination with the

Python ® programming language.

Using This Book

The contents of this book and the accompanying CD are discussed in Chapter 1. In

particular, see the section “Using This Book” if you plan to run the examples on the CD.

The CD also contains additional command ﬁles, macros, and scripts that are mentioned

but not discussed in the book and that can be useful for solving speciﬁcproblems.

This edition has been updated to include numerous enhanced data management

features introduced in SPSS 15.0. Many examples will work with earlier versions, but

some examples rely on features not available prior to SPSS 15.0. Some of the Python

examples require SPSS 15.0.1 or later.

For SAS Users

If you have more experience with SAS than with SPSS for data management, see

Chapter 22 for comparisons of the different approaches to handling various types of

data management tasks. Quite often, there is not a simple command-for-command

relationship between the two programs, although each accomplishes the desired end.

iii

Acknowledgments

This book reﬂects the work of many members of the SPSS staff who have contributed

examples here and in SPSS Developer Central, as well as that of Raynald Levesque,

whose examples formed the backbone of earlier editions and remain important in

this edition. We also wish to thank Stephanie Schaller, who provided many sample

SAS jobs and helped to deﬁne what the SAS user would want to see, as well as

Marsha Hollar and Brian Teasley, the authors of the original chapter “SPSS for SAS

Programmers.”

A Note from Raynald Levesque

It has been a pleasure to be associated with this project from its inception. I have for

many years tried to help SPSS users understand and exploit its full potential. In this

context, I am thrilled about the opportunities afforded by the Python integration and

invite everyone to visit my site at www.spsstools.net for additional examples. And I

want to express my gratitude to my spouse, Nicole Tousignant, for her continued

support and understanding.

Raynald Levesque

Contents

1Oew

UsingThisBook............................................... 1

DocumentationResources....................................... 2

Part I: Data Management

2 Best Practices and Efficiency Tips

WorkingwithCommandSyntax ................................... 4

CreatingCommandSyntaxFiles................................ 4

RunningSPSSCommands.................................... 5

SyntaxRules.............................................. 6

CustomizingtheProgrammingEnvironment .......................... 7

DisplayingCommandsintheLog............................... 7

Displaying the Status Bar in Command Syntax Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

ProtectingtheOriginalData...................................... 9

DoNotOverwriteOriginalVariables............................ 10

UsingTemporaryTransformations............................. 10

UsingTemporaryVariables .................................. 11

UseEXECUTESparingly........................................ 12

LagFunctions............................................ 13

Using$CASENUMtoSelectCases............................. 15

MISSINGVALUESCommand................................. 16

WRITEandXSAVECommands................................ 16

UsingComments.............................................. 16

Using SET SEED to Reproduce Random Samples or Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: