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Pro Active Record
Databases with Ruby and Rails
Kevin Marshall, Chad Pytel, Jon Yurek
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Pro Active Record for Ruby: Databases with Ruby and Rails
Copyright © 2007 by Kevin Marshall, Chad Pytel, Jon Yurek
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-847-4
ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-847-4
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence
of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark
owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick
Technical Reviewer: Adam Stein
Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Jason Gilmore,
Jonathan Hassell, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft,
Matt Wade, Tom Welsh
Production Director and Project Manager: Grace Wong
Copy Editor: Heather Lang
Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony
Production Editor: Katie Stence
Compositor and Artist: Kinetic Publishing Services, LLC
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Cover Designer: Kurt Krames
Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski
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To my wife, Catherine, I love you . . . more.
—KM
To my wife, Rachel, I love you all the way to the moon, and back.
—CP
To my fiancée, Karen, for making everything fun and for making me happy.
—JY
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Contents at a Glance
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
CHAPTER 1
Introducing Active Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
CHAPTER 2
Active Record and SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
CHAPTER 3
Setting Up Your Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CHAPTER 4
Core Features of Active Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
CHAPTER 5
Bonus Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
CHAPTER 6
Active Record Testing and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
CHAPTER 7
Working with Legacy Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
CHAPTER 8
Active Record and the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
APPENDIX
Active Record Methods in Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
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