Swimming.pdf

THE ROYAL MARINES

Swimming

CONTENTS

Student Notes Teacher Notes

MESSAGE FROM THE AMATEUR SWIMMING ASSOCIATION

INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE

Prepared for The Royal Navy in association with The Amateur

Swimming Association and The Royal Life Saving Society UK. Produced

by Education and Youth Limited, London.

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SHEET

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SWIMMING AND

LIFESAVING MODULE

If there is any support you feel The Royal Navy can give regarding this

project please contact 0870 333 0423.

UNIT 2 SAFETY

UNIT 3 STROKES

Acknowledgements

BACK CRAWL

The original module was prepared by

A Cregeen, Editor

A Donlan, Hon Secretary, ASA Education Committee

J Noble, Convenor, Publications Working Party

Members of the Publications Working Party who read the proofs.

Revised in March, 1999 by A. Donlan and Mrs P. Cox, RLSS UK

National Life Saving Committee.

BREASTSTROKE

BUTTERFLY STROKE

FRONT CRAWL

UNIT 4 STARTS AND TURNS

A MESSAGE FROM THE ROYAL LIFE SAVING SOCIETY UK

UNIT 5 INTRODUCTION TO LIFESAVING AND LIFE SUPPORT

UNIT 6 ASA AWARDS SCHEMES

UNIT 7 RLSS UK AWARDS AND QUALIFICATIONS

USEFUL ADDRESSES

USEFUL PUBLICATIONS

Message from the Amateur Swimming Association

The objectives of the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) are

twofold and indicate the breadth of interest of the governing body of

swimming. They are as follows:

– to promote the teaching and practice of swimming, diving,

synchronised swimming and water polo, and to stimulate public

opinion in favour of providing proper accommodation and

facilities for these;

– to draw up, publish and enforce uniform laws for the control and

regulation of amateur swimming, diving, synchronised swimming

and water polo championships and competitions in England and to

deal with any infringements.

The ASA has one of the most advanced and comprehensive education

programmes of any sporting body in the world and has recently

introduced the ASA Youth Swimming Award specially designed for

teenagers who want to participate in any activity related to swimming

from aiming at a high competitive standard to helping others learn to

swim.

This module is intended to be a guide to students in secondary

schools who wish to follow a detailed course of swimming and

lifesaving. Any reader wishing to follow up with an in-depth study of

any aspect is advised to consult the list of publications at the end of

the module. Those books of special interest to examination students

are marked with an asterisk.

Anyone wishing to keep up to date with the swimming world can read

Swimming Times, the most popular magazine on swimming published

in Great Britain.

Introduction to the module

Module Objectives:

After completing the Module students should be able:

– to understand the basic principles of the four main strokes used in

competitive swimming and in starts and turns,

– to apply this knowledge to improve their performance of the

strokes,

– to understand and carry out the skills required to assist others in

an emergency situation involving immersion in water,

– to understand and apply the principles of self-preservation in an

emergency situation involving submersion in open water.

Method:

Teachers should provide:

– encouragement, support and motivation to students studying the

module,

– facilities for the skills learned to be practised at the level

appropriate to the individual student,

– the opportunity for students to gain further technical knowledge as

required, through formal teaching or the provision of study aids.

Skills Development Sheet

The beginning stage of swimming is the exploratory phase, where the

swimmer is attempting to learn the correct sequence of movements of

all the basic skills e.g. backstroke, breaststroke. A number of errors

may be made and swimmers will need feedback to recognise and

correct these errors.

During the intermediate phase, skills will be performed more

consistently. Co-ordination of arms, legs, breathing and body position

will improve, although technique may break down under pressure of

distance or time.

At the advanced stage, skills and techniques are automatic, and a

swimmer will concentrate on more advanced and detailed aspects of

the skill or self-imposed challenges e.g. preparing for tests or

competition.

Name of Module

Swimming

Basic Skills

Body position, leg action, arm action, recovery, breathing and co-ordination

(pages 7-17)

Strokes

Breaststroke, back-crawl, butterfly stroke, front-crawl (pages 7-17)

Life Saving

Recognising the casualty (page 24)

Life Support

Action in an emergency (page 25)

Principles of rescue (page 25)

Principles of life support (page 28)

Training Principles

Power, strength, flexibility, aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscular

endurance, speed

Rules

For rules and information contact:

Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) (see page 33)

UNIT 1

Introduction to the Swimming and Lifesaving Module

Water is not their natural habitat, but most people are able to float in it.

Once this phenomenon is experienced, appropriate actions of the limbs will

bring about the movement known as swimming. This exhilarating activity is

for all, from the very young to the very old, from the frail to the strong, from

the physically handicapped to the athletic.

Throughout this country there is ample provision for people to swim and

there are many good reasons why everyone should learn to do so, as the

following aims will indicate.

Survival

There are ever-present dangers near any open water: the sea, rivers, lakes,

canals and disused pits. Every year deaths are caused through drowning,

many occurring within a few metres of safety. It is important, therefore, that

everyone should be able to swim, in order to save themselves in an

emergency. This same open water provides opportunities for a wide range

of activities such as sailing, surfing, canoeing and skiing, for which

swimming is a prerequisite.

Recreation

In these days of increased leisure time, the need for involvement in some

kind of recreational pursuit, preferably of a physical nature, is generally

recognised. Swimming provides the means and it has many advantages:

a) Ample opportunities are available in swimming pools and leisure

centres.

b) Little equipment is required, simply a costume and a towel.

c) It is comparatively inexpensive.

d) It can be enjoyed in company or alone (but the latter only under

supervision).

e) Age is no barrier. Babies together with parents enjoy movement in

water and older people can continue to swim when other recreative

pursuits might prove too strenuous.

f) It allows for family participation, including any member who might be

disabled.

g) Membership of swimming clubs provides social opportunities as well

as facilities for training and the development of swimming skills.

h) The acquisition of swimming skills can lead to training as a lifesaver

or lifeguard.

Therapy

Swimming can be valuable in medical treatment and in general therapy for

the following reasons:

a) The supportive nature of water permits the performance of gentle

movement without undue tension, thereby assisting in rehabilitation

after injury or illness.

b) The disabled and physically handicapped may take part because weight

bearing is not required. Movement and travel can take place without the

use of great strength, and the performer is able to experience and enjoy

a freedom of movement not possible out of water.

c) It is particularly suited to the overweight person whose obesity is not

so noticeable in water. The condition itself assists flotation and hence

the ability to swim. Through exercise, heart and blood vessels can be

strengthened, and in swimming, muscles can be worked and joints

moved beyond their normal range. Similar movements attempted on

land would be stressful.

d) Swimming is an enjoyable way of keeping fit. It improves stamina and

stimulates the circulatory and respiratory systems, thereby promoting a

feeling of general well-being.

Competition

Most people swim for reasons already stated. Some improve their skill by

means of self-imposed challenges, or by preparing for various tests. For

those endowed with special abilities and aptitudes there are many

opportunities for participation in swimming as a competitive sport. For

such people, coaching, training and swimming events are provided by the

many clubs to be found throughout the country.

Lifesaving and Life Support

While everybody acknowledges

the bravery of a hero who

responds effectively in an aquatic

emergency, it is essential the

rescuer is regularly trained and

assessed to ensure that they

have the competence and skills

to carry out a rescue as

effectively as possible with the

minimum risk to themselves. It

should be made clear that

entering the water to attempt a

rescue must never be undertaken

unless the rescuer is a trained

lifesaver. It does not matter how

strong a swimmer a person may

be, getting into the water to

effect a rescue poses a great

threat to a rescuer’s safety.

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