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Application Architecture for .NET:
Designing Applications and Services
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without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
Microsoft, Active Directory, ActiveX, BizTalk, Visio, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, and
Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
in the United States and/or other countries.
© 2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Version 1.0
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the
trademarks of their respective owners.
Contents
Chapter 1
Intr
oduction 1
Co
ntents Roadmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Ch
apter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Goals of Distributed Application Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Se
rvices and Service Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Co
mponents and Tiers in Applications and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
A
Sample Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
W
hat’s Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 2
Desi
gning the Components of an Application or Service 11
Ch
apter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Co
mponent Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Ge
neral Design Recommendations for Applications and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Designing Presentation Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Designing User Interface Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Designing User Process Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Designing Business Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Business Components and Workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Designing a Service Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Representing Data and Passing It Through Tiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Recommendations for Business Entity Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
De
signing Data Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Data Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Data Access Logic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Designing Data Access Helper Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Integrating with Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
W
hat’s Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Contents
v
Chapter 3
Sec
urity, Operational Management, and Communications Policies 71
Ch
apter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
De
signing the Security Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
General Security Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Secure Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Profile Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Designing the Operational Management Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Exception Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Service Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
De
signing the Communications Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Choosing the Correct Communication Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Synchronicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Recommendations for Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Communication Format, Schema, and Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
A Look Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
W
hat’s Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Chapter 4
Phy
sical Deployment and Operational Requirements 119
Ch
apter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
De
ploying Application Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Physical Deployment Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Planning the Physical Location of Application Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Distribution Boundaries Between Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Partitioning Your Application or Service into Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Packaging and Distributing Application Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Co
mmon Deployment Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Web-Based User Interface Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Rich Client User Interface Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Service Integration Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Production, Test, and Staging Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
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