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Introduction to
A Complete
Step-By-Step
Guide
Reloading
Ammunition
Stan Trzoniec
I
hear it all the time: “Why hand-
I
load your own ammunition
when commercial ammunition
today is just as accurate?” Nat-
urally, there is no easy answer, but
if you could condense it all into a
few words, they might be fun, sav-
ing money and the ability to turn
out custom ammunition that will
perform well for whatever purpose
– small game, big game, target
shooting, plinking, etc. with loads
that produce best accuracy in your
rifle or handgun.
A Redding starter kit includes a press, case trimmer,
powder trickler, lube pad, case neck brush, chamfer-
ing tool, funnel, scale and powder measure.
The fun factor in handloading is my favorite. First,
I believe everyone needs a hobby, and the reloading
of ammunition is a great place to start. You can re-
view the history of ballistics, see how propellants
have changed over the last 100 years and dig into
the past with reference to firearms and how they
evolved into modern state-of-the-art handguns and
rifles. Choosing a cartridge from times gone by and
figuring out how to make it fit into modern times is
a personal passion, and since I enjoy varmint hunt-
ing, I like to resurrect older .22-caliber wildcats like
the .219 Donaldson Wasp, .220 Weatherby Rocket
or the .22 K-Hornet. Going along with that also in-
Introduction to Reloading Ammunition
3
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Pistol Ammuntion
and you don’t have to spend tons
of money to pursue it. Sure, the
initial investment is moderate,
but if you shop wisely, it’s possi-
ble to find a reloading “kit” that
includes all the tools and a press
to get you started in a very smart
and efficient way. Bullets, primers
and powders are part of the ex-
pense, but as you move along,
they start to gather on your shelf
as “stock,” and the cost process
is less painful. Brass cases are
good for sometimes hundreds of
reloads, and a press, dies and
related tools will last many
lifetimes. If you are a novice to
shooting and reloading, sooner
or later you will develop an inter-
est in a special part of hunting or
competition, and when you need
a lot of ammunition in a short
period of time, handloading starts
to pay off.
volves the process of perhaps re-
fitting a barrel to an existing rifle
to chamber the new round or
scouring the countryside for a
vintage rifle already made to
order, just waiting to be taken in
the game fields again. Better yet,
if time and money permit, having
a custom rifle built to your speci-
fications – fit, finish and cham-
bering – all topped off with a
scope of your choice is yet an-
other alternative.
Finally, the tuning of a rifle to
shoot groups under .5 inch at 100
yards or more is a bit of a chal-
lenge, which most of us can han-
dle with aplomb. Small game
hunting demands small groups to
rid the farmer’s north forty of
annoying woodchucks, and it is
your job as a hunter to take such
game in a quick, efficient man-
ner. Accurate rifles not only
get the job done, but go a long
way in instilling pride of owner-
ship and confidence in the field
as well.
Saving money is a good deal for
most folks in these times when a
hobby is an enjoyable pastime,
1
2
1. Using new brass, visually check
all the cases for grit, packaging or
brass chips before lubing, for steel
dies, or running them into a
carbide-sizing die.
2. Lubricate all cases if you are using standard dies, but eliminate this
step if carbide dies are employed. The latter are getting more popular
for loading handgun ammunition, as they are cleaner and eliminate
the need for cleaning all the cases after lubing.
3
4
5
3. Insert the sizing (first of three)
die into the press. Die sets are
adjustable and allow the hand-
loader to set the base of the die
so it just touches the shellholder
on the up or downstroke of the
handle, depending on how
the press is set up.
4. Insert the cartridge case (we
are using the .38 Special through-
out this sequence) in the shell-
holder that you installed on
the press.
5. Run all the cases all the way
up and into the sizing die. If a
fired case is used, the primer will
be expelled at this time also.
4
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Introduction to Reloading Ammunition
G
ETTING
S
TARTED
Since most aspiring handload-
ers will be using a press that gen-
erates sufficient force to resize
cases, a corner of a basement is a
good place to start; a walled in
“gun” room is even better. Make
the bench sturdy by employing
2x4 bench work, covered with
a pine, oak or, better yet, a
Formica top. Bolting the table to
both the wall and floor is a good
idea, as a compound press devel-
ops a lot of force, and the last
thing you need is to have the
bench moving around as you
work.
Below is a list of equipment to
get you started in either the pis-
tol or rifle reloading process.
Items with an asterisk (*) can be
purchased in a reloading kit, sav-
ing money over the purchase of
individual pieces. Double marked
(**) products are those you need
with the kit, and unmarked items
can be purchased as you move
along. Individual reloading dies
are needed for each cartridge
you load, but like anything else,
there are exceptions. For in-
stance, in pistol calibers, the
same die works for the .38 Spe-
cial and .357 Magnum; the same
for the .44 Special and .44 Mag-
num. Get yourself a good loading
manual or subscribe online to
LoadData.com. A manual (and/or
the website) is the bible for all
your work, and for the most
part, one will last for many
years. Manuals are published by
Barnes, Hornady, Lyman, Sierra,
Swift and a host of other inde-
pendents, including the powder
manufacturers, like Hodgdon,
Accurate Arms and Ramshot.
(LoadData.com offers online
over 200,000 loads for a wide
variety of cartridges.) In addi-
tion, most if not all will give you
a complete rundown on load-
ing practices, bullet types and
weights and primers, helping to
fill in the blanks and answer
questions on items not covered
in this insert.
10. The
amount of
flare (or
belling) of
the case
mouth is
shown
here. In
seating the
bullet,
make sure
it goes in
straightly.
6
6. After cleaning (if a case lube
was used), check each case for
the proper overall length. This is
easily done on a dial micrometer
or the inexpensive plastic gauges
sold by many of the loading man-
ufacturers.
10
7
11
7. If any of the cases exceed
recommended length, trim them
to ensure proper chambering and
a uniform crimp on all rounds.
11. Pick the appropriate primer
from the listing in any loading
manual. In this case, CCI 500
Small Pistol primers are correct
for the .38 Special cartridge.
8
12
8. After trimming, where neces-
sary, a deburring tool is used to
clean up the case mouth. Using
the pointed end creates a slight
chamfer in the case mouth; the
opposite end is for the outside
edge.
12. Seat primers carefully. One
method is on the press, as
shown, with the attached primer
arm. Another is to use a hand-
priming tool, and a third would
be a special automatic priming
tool. Make sure the primer is
fully seated to the bottom of
the pocket.
9
9. Replace the sizer die with the
neck expander (second die in the
set) setting the case flare to ac-
commodate the bullet base. Do
not over flare the case mouth.
Introduction to Reloading Ammunition
www.handloadermagazine.com
5
Pistol Ammuntion
13
L
IST OF
E
QUIPMENT
:
1. a good, high-quality bench press
in either a C or O configuration
with provisions for a primer feed
and a spent primer catcher*
2. one set of appropriate dies –
carbide for pistols, standard for
rifle calibers*
3. shellholder to match the caliber*
4. powder scale*
5. powder measure*
6. case trimmer with the appropriate
pilot*
7. deburring tool*
8. case lube kit*
9. powder funnel*
10. primer flipper**
11. loading block**
12. case neck brushes*
13. primer pocket cleaners*
14. reliable handloading manual**
15. powder trickler*
16. dial calipers**
17. cartridge storage boxes**
18. bullet puller
19. notebook – for record keeping*
20. case tumbler
You’ll also need unprimed brass
cases, bullets, powder and
primers for the cartridge you are
loading.
P
UTTING
I
T
A
LL
T
OGETHER
–
H
ANDGUN
A
MMUNITION
Reloading hand-
gun ammunition
amounts to noth-
ing more than
taking a cartridge
case and running
it through a num-
ber of predeter-
mined steps. As
simple as it may
sound, there are a few items to
be considered as you progress
through any loading session.
The first is loading data. Re-
search all your work from this in-
16
16. With all the various weights
on the scale zeroed out, the far
end of the scale must balance
at zero.
13. On the left is an unprimed
case. On the right is the primed
case flared and ready for a
powder charge.
17
14
14. Consult a manual or other re-
liable loading data to ensure you
are using the right powder and
charge for the cartridge. In this
example, we are using a Barnes
110-grain bullet and a starting
load of 4.9 grains of Ramshot
Zip pistol powder for a velocity
of 918 feet per second (fps).
Also, note the overall cartridge
length is 1.435 inches with the
bullet seated, which will allow it
to function properly in any .38
Special revolver.
17. Now is the time to set up
the powder measure on a rigid
surface or use the screw clamps
some companies offer.
18
15
15. The next step is set up the scale
and zero it. With faster-burning
powders like Bullseye, attention
to details is mandatory, as over-
charging could result in damage
to the firearm and the user.
18. Adjust the powder measure
to drop your load choice – from
the loading manual. Adjust the
measure until you get the exact
weight, as confirmed on the
powder scale.
6
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Introduction to Reloading Ammunition
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