TC - Turkish Language Lessons 7.pdf - indermediate lessons - jasminmariusz

TC Turkish Language Lessons

http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish/lessons/lesson_print.php?lesson_id=75

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Past Tense

Tenses

There are 5 fundamental tenses in Turkish. These are:

Present simple tense (Geni zaman)

Present continuous tense (imdiki zaman)

Future tense (Gelecek zaman)

Past tense with di (di'li geçmi zaman) > Regular past tense

Past tense with mi (mi'li geçmi zaman) > Also called the story past tense

Past tense with di (di'li geçmi zaman) > Regular past tense

There is no suffix for the regular past tense. The only point is that you must use the past tense form of to be. Be careful

about the harmony rules though, as always. The use of the past tense with di is almost the same as the English past tense.

To tell an action that took place in the past.

He came. > Geldi.

To make a statement that was true in the past.

She was beautiful. > Güzeldi.

The same way regular past tense is applied to verbs, it can also be applied to nouns and adjectives using the past tense

form of to be. The meaning in this case is the same as the meaning of ' was ' in English.

He was good. > Đyiydi.

I was successful. > Baarılıydım.

Regular past tense of a word is constructed this way:

word root + (negative) + past tense to be

Let's see how a verb is used in regular past tense on the following examples:

geldi > geldi > he came

gitmedi > gitmedi > he did not go

okudi > okudu > he read

kapatdik > kapattık > we closed

kodin > kotun > you ran

aradiniz > aradınız > you called (plural you)

konumedi > konumadı > he did not talk

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20090719 23:32

TC Turkish Language Lessons

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vermedim > vermedim > I did not give

çalımadik > çalımadık > we did not work

yediler > yediler > they ate

beklemediler > beklemediler > they did not wait

Note that making the past tense of a verb and making the past tense of a noun or adjective is the same, but only as long as

they are positive. The negative suffix for verbs is me , but negatives of nouns and adjectives are constructed using değil .

Değil is not a suffix, it is used as a seperate word. Let's see a few examples to how nouns and adjectives are expressed in

past tense.

She was beautiful. > Güzeldi.

She was not beautiful. > Güzel değildi. (Note what we did is just to replace the suffix me for verbs with the

word değil in the case of nouns and adjectives. The ordering is still the same. Past tense of to be, which

followed me for verbs , is now put after değil )

You were not kids. > Çocuk değildiniz.

Let's see how these personal suffixes are used on some example verbs:

English

Turkish

to wait > beklemek

i waited

(ben) bekledim > bekledim

you waited

(sen) bekledin > bekledin

he \

she | waited

(o) bekledi > bekledi

it /

we waited

(biz) bekledik > bekledik

you waited

(siz) beklediniz > beklediniz

they waited

(onlar) beklediler > beklediler

to work > çalımak

i worked

(ben) çalıdim > çalıtım

you worked

(sen) çalıdin > çalıtın

he \

she | worked

(o) çalıdi > çalıtı

it /

we worked

(biz) çalıdik > çalıtık

you worked

(siz) çalıdiniz > çalıtınız

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20090719 23:32

TC Turkish Language Lessons

http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish/lessons/lesson_print.php?lesson_id=75

they worked

(onlar) çalıdiler > çalıtılar

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20090719 23:32

TC - Turkish Language Lessons 7.pdf

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