Timothy Morton-Ecology without Nature_ Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics (2009).pdf

ECOLOGY

Ecology without Nature

� RETHINKING ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS

TIMOTHY MORTON

I ,

I f i !

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2007

Printed in the United States of America

For Kate

ISBN-13: 978-0-674-02434-2

ISBN-l0: 0-674-02434-6

The Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available from the Library of Congress.

Epigraph to Chapter 1, "To the Reader," by Denise Levertov, from

permission of New Directions Publishing Corp., Pollinger Limited, and the

proprietor.

Pink Floyd, "Grantchester Meadows," Ul11l11agul11ma (EMI, 1969). Words and

Co. Ltd., London, England. TRO-Hampshire House Publishing Corp., New

York, controls all publication rights for the U.S.A. and Canada. Used by

Permission.

Acknowledgments

Writing this book has often called to mind a precarious picture of

walking across a mineield with a bouquet of flowers, dressed in the

costume of a clown. For those who encouraged me across, I have

nothing but thanks: David Clark, Greg Dobbins, Margaret Ferguson,

Kate Flint, Denise Gigante, Geoffrey Hartman, Karen Jacobs, Douglas

Kahn, Robert Kaufman, Alan Liu, James C. McKusick, David Nor

brook, Jeffrey Robinson, Nicholas Roe, David Simpson, Nigel Smith,

Jane Stabler, Robert Unger, Karen Weisman, and Michael Ziser. The

two anonymous readers appointed by Harvard University Press were

extraordinarily encouraging. To David Simpson in particular lowe a

debt of gratitude beyond measure, for years of support and friendship.

I beneited from a Distinguished Visiting Fellowship at Queen Mary,

University of London while copyediting, proofreading, and indexing.

Thanks in particular to Richard Schoch and Pa ul Hamilton. Thanks go

to my research assistants, Seth Forrest and Christopher Schaberg, who

helped me balance my life, writing, and teaching. I would like to thank

all those students, both undergraduates and graduates, who have ex

plored and shared these ideas since 1998, in classes at the University of

Colorado and the University of California. In particular, I am grateful

to my entire "Ecomimesis" graduate class of Spring 2004, for helping

me to work through to the heart and soul of this project: Seth Forrest,

Timothy Kreiner, Dalal Mansour, Eric 0' Brien, Francisco Reinking,

Christopher Schaberg, Daniel Thomas-Glass, Sabrina Tom, Karen

Walker, and Clara Van Zanten. And I am equally grateful to my

viii . Acknowledgments

"Ecology without Nature" class of Spring 2006: Tekla Babyak, An

drew Hageman, Lynn Langemade, Rachel Swinkin, Julie Tran, and

Nicholas Valvo. At Harvard University Press, Lindsay Waters has been

everything I would wish an editor to be. John Donohue at Westchester

Book Services coordinated the copyediting. Last but not least, I don't

think the idea of dark ecology would have been possible without a life

spent listening to the ethereal splendor of the Cocteau Twins.

I dedicate this book to my love, my wife Kate. She was the irst to

hear and discuss the ideas set down here. At every moment, she was

ready with a comment, a suggestion, a kind word. And she bore our

daughter, Claire, the sweetest stranger who ever arrived.

Contents

Introduction: Toward a Theory of Ecological Criticism 1

Romanticism and the Environmental Subject

Imagining Ecology without Nature

140

Notes 207

Index 239

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