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ELECTROMAGNETICS
EXPLAINED
A HANDBOOK FOR WIRELESS/RF, EMC, AND
HIGH-SPEED ELECTRONICS
 
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ELECTROMAGNETICS
EXPLAINED
A HANDBOOK FOR WIRELESS/RF, EMC, AND
HIGH-SPEED ELECTRONICS
Ron Schmitt
An imprint of Elsevier Science
Amsterdam Boston London Oxford New York Paris
San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
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Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Science.
Copyright © 2002 by Elsevier Science (USA)
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-
mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record-
ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier Science
prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Schmitt, Ron.
Electromagnetics explained: a handbook for wireless/RF, EMC, and high-speed
electronics / Ron Schmitt.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7506-7403-2 (hc.: alk. paper)
1. Electronics. 2. Radio. 3. Electromagnetic theory. I. Title.
TK7816 .S349 2002
621.381—dc21
2001055860
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
For information, please contact:
Manager of Special Sales
Elsevier Science
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Woburn, MA 01801-2041
Tel: 781-904-2500
Fax: 781-904-2620
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Wide Web home page at: http://www.newnespress.com
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Printed in the United States of America
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CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 1
The Need for Electromagnetics 1
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3
Electrical Length 8
The Finite Speed of Light 8
Electronics 9
Analog and Digital Signals 12
RF Techniques 12
Microwave Techniques 16
Infrared and the Electronic Speed Limit 16
Visible Light and Beyond 18
Lasers and Photonics 20
Summary 21
The Electric Force Field 25
Other Types of Fields 26
Voltage and Potential Energy 28
Charges in Metals 30
The Definition of Resistance 32
Electrons and Holes 33
Electrostatic Induction and Capacitance 34
Insulators (Dielectrics) 38
Static Electricity and Lightning 39
The Battery Revisited 45
Electric Field Examples 47
Conductivity and Permittivity of Common Materials 47
v
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