Functional MRI: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications.2006.pdf

Scott H. Faro, MD

Professor and Vice-Chairman of Radiology, Director of Functional Brain

Imaging Center, Director of Radiology Research and Academics, and

Clinical MRI, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

Feroze B. Mohamed, PhD

Associate Professor of Radiology, Associate Director of Functional Brain

Imaging Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

Editors

Functional MRI

Basic Principles and

Clinical Applications

With 143 Illustrations in 177 Parts, 134 in Full Color

1 3

Scott H. Faro, MD

Professor and Vice-Chairman

of Radiology

Director of Functional Brain

Imaging Center

Director of Radiology Research and

Academics, and Clinical MRI

Temple University School of

Medicine

Philadelphia, PA 19140

USA

Feroze B. Mohamed, PhD

Associate Professor of Radiology

Associate Director of Functional

Brain Imaging Center

Temple University School

of Medicine

Philadelphia, PA 19140

USA

Guest Editor:

Victor Haughton, MD

Professor of Radiology

University of Wisconsin

Madison, WI 53792

USA

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005926700

ISBN 10: 0-387-23046-7

ISBN 13: 978-0387-23046-7

Printed on acid-free paper.

the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 233

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Printed in China.

(BS/EVB)

987654321

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Preface

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represents one of the

most advanced and enlightening functional imaging techniques that

has ever been developed. The past ten years (1990–2000) of scientiﬁc

research has been designated the decade of the brain and has led to

numerous technological developments and the establishment of fun-

damental clinical protocols to understand brain functions. The next

decade, the beginning of the 21 st century, will continue the great

momentum of brain research. This is currently one of the most excit-

ing and progressive times of scientiﬁc advancement in the ﬁeld of brain

function and the development and application of fMRI are the driving

forces.

The ﬁeld of fMRI has two major areas of research interest and appli-

cations. The ﬁrst is within the ﬁeld of Cognitive Neuroscience, which

focuses on understanding all aspects of the mental processes involved

in awareness, reasoning, and acquisition of knowledge and behavior.

The second is the use of Functional MRI in the Medical Sciences to

localize eloquent regions in the brain for a large variety of clinical appli-

cations. This book has focused primarily on describing the basic prin-

ciples of Blood Oxygen Level Dependant (BOLD) imaging and the new

and developing clinical applications of fMRI.

This book contains twenty chapters and is separated into three main

sections. The ﬁrst section is an introduction to the physics principles of

BOLD imaging as well as a review of fMRI scanning methodologies,

data analysis, experimental design, and clinical challenges. The second

section is a pictorial Neuroanatomical atlas of the basic motor, sensory,

and cognitive activation sites within the brain. This section will give a

new clinical scientist a familiarity with some of the more clinically rel-

evant brain activation sites that are discussed in subsequent chapters.

The third and ﬁnal section reviews all the current and future clinical

applications of functional MRI. These chapters include the clinical

ﬁelds of Language, Memory, fMRI WADA, Visual Pathway, Auditory

Pathways, Epilepsy, Pain, and Psychiatric Disorders. The cutting edge

ﬁeld of Pharmacological applications of fMRI, including new drug

development and drug therapy, is also discussed.

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