Armi -Manuale Di Tiro Con Pistola (Us Army).pdf

U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit

Pistol Marksmanship Training Guide

Here is the coveted Pistol

Marksmanship Training Guide

published by the Army Marksmanship

Unit at Fort Benning, Georgia. It is an

excellent source of information for

the competitive pistol shooter.

Because it is a U.S. government

publication, it is public domain. I

encourage you to explore this entire

manual !

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

FUNDAMENTALS OF PISTOL MARKSMANSHIP

INTRODUCTION – ELEMENTS OF PISTOL SHOOTING

CHAPTER I – ATTAINING A MINIMUM ARC OF MOVEMENT

CHAPTER II - SIGHT ALIGNMENT

CHAPTER III – TRIGGER CONTROL

TECHNIQUES OF FIRE

CHAPTER IV – ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM

CHAPTER V - SLOW FIRE

CHAPTER VI – SUSTAINED FIRE

CHAPTER VII - MENTAL DISCIPLINE

COMPETITIVE PHYSICAL FITNESS

CHAPTER VIII – PHYSICAL CONDITIONING

CHAPTER IX - DIET AND HEALTH OF THE COMPETITIVE PISTOL SHOOTER

CHAPTER X - EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, COFFEE, TOBACCO AND DRUGS

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

ANNEX II - OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EYE RELEVANT TO SIGHTING

GLOSSARY - A GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOUND WITHIN THIS MANUAL

INTRODUCTION

The fundamentals of pistol marksmanship embrace all of those physical factors essential to the firing of

an accurate shot. Accuracy, in this sense, assumes that the weapon is zeroed, that a high degree of

inherent accuracy exists in both the weapon and the ammunition, and that the firing is taking place under

ideal conditions.

Essentially, accurate shooting with a pistol requires no elements other than those described in the

following sentence: ALIGN THE SIGHTS PROPERLY ON THAT PART OF THE TARGET REQUIRED

FOR YOUR GROUP TO CENTER IN THE TARGET AREA AND CAUSE THE HAMMER TO FALL

WITHOUT DISTURBING THAT ALIGNMENT . All elements of pistol shooting such as position, grip, sight

alignment, breath control, trigger control, physical condition, and psychology of shooting, when perfected,

simply enables the shooter to perform the action described in the above key sentence.

In order for a shot to be accurate, it is first necessary to make sure that the pistol will be held as

motionless as it is possible to do so during the time that the shot is being fired. The stance assumed by

the shooter must provide the greatest stability possible for both the shooter's body and the weapon.

To obtain a minimum arc of movement the shooter must give the pistol a definite stability of direction.

Proper body position points the pistol directly toward the target with no tendency to drift or move to either

side. Likewise, the vertical movement of the pistol is confined to the aiming area. Breathing is

accompanied by the rhythmic movement of the chest, and in order to keep the pistol as immobile as

possible the shooter must hold his breath for the length of time required to deliver an accurate shot. To

obtain correct sight alignment, it is necessary for the shooter to grip the pistol in a manner which

guarantees that he is holding the pistol firmly and that trigger pressure is applied straight to the rear. The

delicate balance of sight alignment and minimum arc of movement can be easily disturbed if the trigger is

activated in a manner which causes excess movement. However, since the shooter cannot achieve

complete immobility when assuming the stance and position, the trigger has to be pressed during some

movement of the pistol. In order to deliver an accurate shot within his ability to hold, the shooter must not

only press the trigger evenly, but he must to so with correct sight alignment. The size of the shot group

will, therefore, not exceed the dimensions of the arc of movement, provided the shot breaks as a surprise

and no reflex action of muscles disturbs the delivery of the shot.

To help the shooter acquire the necessary knowledge to master all the factors that control his shooting

we shall analyze In detail each separate element of accurate shooting - stance, position, grip, holding the

breath, sight alignment, and control of the trigger. Also included will be certain methods of training that will

accelerate the shooter's development into a champion pistol shot. This status is achieved only after the

shooter has mastered the technique of executing the fundamentals.

Chapter I

Attaining a Minimum Arc of Movement

It is necessary during firing to press the trigger under varying conditions of pistol movement in conjunction

with correct sight alignment. In order to apply coordinated pressure on the trigger, the shooter must wait

for those very definite times when all control factors are optimum and firing conditions become favorable.

The rule that must be observed as the first step in attaining control of your shooting is: "You must never

attempt to fire until you have completely settled into a minimum arc of movement. "

In order to learn how to fire a shot at the proper time, the shooter must make analysis of the time needed

to settle and the duration of the minimum arc of movement.

The entire system, consisting of the shooter's body and the pistol, always undergoes a degree of

movement. This is sometimes a pulsating, swaying or erratic arc of movement during aiming and firing a

shot. The cause of this movement aside from conditions such as weather, is the action of the muscles

maintaining the shooter's body in a definite position. Other action such as blood pulsation, causes

movement of individual parts of the shooter's body and the pistol. The nature and extent of the arc of

movement changes within the time being devoted to delivering a shot. For example, when the shooter is

first getting his sight alignment and has not yet had time to settle his body and pistol, the extent of the

movement is relatively great. As the body becomes balanced and the aiming is more precise, the arc of

movement minimizes. After a certain length of time, the minimum arc of movement begins to increase,

because the muscles begin to fatigue, and the shooter does not have enough air in his lungs to continue

holding his breath. If we record the arc of movement, we will see a wavelike line with varying amplitude of

oscillation (Figure 1-1).

Figure 1-1. Basic Scheme of Minimum Arc of Movement.

It is obvious that under such circumstances the shooter must begin his smooth pressure on the trigger

while not devoting too much attention to the arc of movement as long as it remains at the minimum.

Continue to apply pressure on the trigger and intensely concentrate on keeping the sights in alignment.

The resulting five to seven second period is the most favorable time for firing an accurate shot.

Taking into consideration the direct relationship between accuracy of shooting and the degree of

immobility of the pistol when the shot is being delivered, the marksman must give greatest consideration

to the selection of a stance, a position, a grip, and a means of breath control which will guarantee the

greatest stability to both the pistol and the body. The relatively small degree of movement thus obtained

provides a stable foundation, permitting use of the other fundamentals.

A. THE STANCE.

The excellence of the stance is a major factor in creating conditions for maximum control. A high degree

of control is necessary for the delivery of an accurate shot. Every individual possesses a combination of

individual characteristics that are peculiar to him alone. Among these are height, weight, proportion of

body, development of muscle system, etc. It follows, then, that there cannot be any definite, all-purpose

stance which applies equally to all shooters. Therefore, the shooter himself, on the basis of his own

particular configurations, must find the variation of stance which provides the greatest degree of stability

for his body.

1. The Main Requirements of the Stance: The assumed stance is the position of the human body to

support a pistol aimed at a target. Despite the great number of physical differences encountered in

any cross-section of shooters, the stance must provide for:

a. The greatest possible degree of equilibrium and stability in the body-weapon system with the

least possible strain on the shooter's muscles.

b. A head position which will allow for the most efficient use of the shooter's eyes throughout the

sighting and aiming process.

Throughout the process of training it is necessary, therefore, for the shooter to exercise special care

in the selection of a stance. The development of a poor stance should be detected and corrected

early in the training program. Otherwise, it may require the breaking of deeply ingrained habits later.

Considering the role played by the muscles, bones and ligaments in the creation of stability in the

shooter's stance, it is necessary for the shooter to understand the makeup of the human body. See

Section Five, Annex I for supplemental information entitled, "Characteristics of the Human Body

Relevant to Stance, Position and Grip ".

2. Assuming the stance:

a. When assuming the firing stance, the head must be held as level as possible, so that the shooter

can see the target directly in line with the arm and sights. It is necessary to take all steps to

eliminate the tilting of the head to the right or left or an excessive tilting forward. It is not

necessary to look sideways or to look at the sights from beneath the eyebrows. The head should

not be pushed forward closer to the rear sight; neither should the head be tilted back excessively.

This causes undue tension upon the neck muscles and, as a consequence, a slight movement of

the head develops from fatigue. This may hinder the maintenance of perfect sight alignment.

b. When assuming a firing stance, the shooter must support the extended arm holding a weapon. As

a result, the muscular system undergoes considerable strain. It must not only maintain the

shooter's body in a definite position but must also exert a counteraction to the rather large weight

of the suspended gun.

c. A shooter supporting a weapon constitutes a single system with a common center of gravity

(Figure 1-2). Since the entire system is in equilibrium only when its line of gravity runs through the

support area, (Figure 1-3), the holding of the weapon causes a change in the relative position of

the individual parts of the body. A compensating displacement is brought about by the necessity

to create a counteraction to the weight of the pistol and supporting arm. This compensating

displacement of the parts of the body changes the shooter's posture. As a result, when he

assumes a firing stance, his body takes on an asymmetric position which is unnatural. The

preservation of the body's equilibrium in this unnatural posture requires that a greater load be

placed upon the muscles and ligaments reinforcing the movable portions of the body.

d. The shooter has the task of finding for himself a suitable stance which will achieve immobility of

the body without an excessive strain on muscles.

Let us assume that the shooter takes a stance for firing that will preserve the natural, erect

posture of the body. He will strive to keep it erect with small compensating deviations of the

muscle system. Thus, the extended arm holding a pistol places great tension on the muscles in

the back and shoulders. In addition, if the shooter's figure is examined from the side, it will

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