Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Composite Materials and Structures.pdf

Multiscale Modeling and Simulation

of Composite Materials

and Structures

Young W. Kwon • David H. Allen

• Ramesh Talreja

Editors

Multiscale Modeling and

Simulation of Composite

Materials and Structures

Edited by:

Young W. Kwon

Naval Postgraduate School

Dept. of Mechanical and

Astronautical Engineering

Graduate School of Engineering

and Applied Sciences

Monterey, CA 93943

USA

David H. Allen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

College of Engineering

114 OTHM

Lincoln, NE 68588

USA

Ramesh Talreja

Texas A&M University

Dept. Aerospace Engineering

Mail Stop 3141

College Station, TX 77843

USA

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007930778

ISBN 978-0-387-36318-9

e-ISBN 978-0-387-68556-4

Printed on acid-free paper.

permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,

NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in

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Preface

Ever since Democritus hypothesized the existence of the atom in the third

century BC , evidence of the existence of physical phenomena on extremely

small length scales has been accumulating. With the publication of

Copernicus’ book on the sun-centered solar system in 1543, evidence

began to pile up that physical phenomena also occur on extremely large

length scales. Today, it is not possible for us to put reliable bounds on

either extreme. Indeed, just as the span of time is potentially infinite, the

span of length may be unbounded.

Over the twentieth century, the most fundamental of sciences expanded

the span of length by many orders of magnitude. Now, in the twenty-first

century, one of the primary goals of science and technology seems to be

the quest to develop reliable methods for linking physical phenomena that

occur over multiple length scales. We now know that many vastly different

fields of science such as biology, cosmology, paleontology, atmospheric

physics, materials science, and even social sciences are faced with issues

involving multiple length scales.

Until recently, our computational tools did not seem to be sufficiently

powerful to engage in research activities focused on multiple length scales.

However, with the rise of the high-speed digital computer, we now have

the power to attempt to resolve scientific issues that were heretofore

beyond our reach. Consider a single example – the growth of a crack in

a ductile multigrain crystalline metal. Is this a problem in continuum

mechanics, or is it molecular in scale? Or is it even smaller, perhaps even

at the quantum scale? Evidence today seems to suggest that it is all of

these, and that the physical phenomena observed at any of these length

scales are indeed causatively linked to those on the neighboring length

scales. Therefore, it would seem that the scientific profession is faced with

a formidable challenge if predictive methodologies for such complicated

phenomena are to be forthcoming. In the words of one of our colleagues,

“A scientist loves a good challenge!”

vi Preface

In this text, we present recent work of 13 leaders in the field of multi-

scale mechanics, along with their coauthors, aimed at composite materials

and structures. It is our hope that you the reader will in turn be challenged

by these chapters, and that you will find your own paths to future develop-

ments in what amounts to one of the great problems of our time.

came out at the meeting “Advances in Multiscale Modeling of Composite

Material Systems and Components” held in Monterey, California organized

by him; Caitlin Wormesley, Greg Franklin, Carol Day, and Alex Greene of

Springer for their support; and Patricia Worster at University of Nebrska

for her dedicated service in editing all manuscripts.

Y.. Kwon

D.H. Allen

R. Talreja

The editors thank Peter Beaumont because the inception of this book

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