US Army medical course - Aviation Medicine AV0593 WW.pdf - książki - Bio Med 26 - bibiariel

SUBCOURSE EDITION

AV0593 6

U.S. ARMY AVIATION CENTER

Aviation Medicine

THIS SUBCOURSE HAS BEEN REVIEWED FOR

OPERATIONS SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.

UNITED STATES ARMY CORRESPONDENCE COURSE

AVIATION SUBCOURSE 593

AVIATION MEDICINE

CONTENTS

Page

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS .............................................. iii

INTRODUCTION........................................................... iv

LESSON 1. AVIATION MEDICINE PROGRAM

General..................................................... 1

Flight Surgeon Roles........................................ 2

Flying Restrictions......................................... 3

Medical Subjects for Safety Meetings ....................... 5

REVIEW EXERCISE ............................................ 8

REVIEW EXERCISE SOLUTIONS .................................. 10

LESSON 2. NIGHT VISION IN AVIATION

General..................................................... 11

Eye Structure............................................... 11

Eye Anatomy and Physiology.................................. 14

Night Vision Limitations and Capabilities .................. 15

Meteorological Effects on Night Vision...................... 20

Hazards to Night Vision .................................... 21

Preparing for Night Flight ................................. 22

REVIEW EXERCISE............................................. 24

REVIEW EXERCISE SOLUTIONS .................................. 26

LESSON 3. PERCEPTUAL LIMITATIONS

General..................................................... 27

Perceptions................................................. 27

Depth Perception and Flight................................. 29

Other Illusions and Flight ................................. 30

Overcoming Illusions ....................................... 31

REVIEW EXERCISE ............................................ 34

REVIEW EXERCISE SOLUTIONS................................... 36

Page

LESSON 4. SPATIAL DISORIENTATION

General..................................................... 37

Mechanisms of Equilibrium .................................. 38

Spatial Disorientation and Visual Illusions................. 42

Spatial Disorientation and Vestibular Illusions............. 43

Spatial Disorientation and Proprioceptive Illusions......... 50

Prevention of Spatial Disorientation........................ 51

Treatment of Spatial Disorientation ........................ 52

REVIEW EXERCISE............................................. 54

REVIEW EXERCISE SOLUTIONS................................... 56

INTRODUCTION

Aviation medicine and vision are integral to any aviation safety program.

Understanding the requirements and capabilities of the aviation medicine

program will enhance safety training and safety performance. Under-standing

the capabilities and limitations of night vision, perceptual limitations and

spatial disorientation will also facilitate aviation unit safety and safety

training.

Supplementary training material to be provided--none.

Material to be provided by the student--none.

Material to be provided by the unit or supervisor--none.

Supervision required--none.

Seven credit hours are awarded for successful completion of this subcourse.

Successful completion requires a grade of at least 70 percent on the

examination.

LESSON 1. AVIATION MEDICINE PROGRAM

TASK:

To evaluate an aviation medicine program recognizing the

duties and responsibilities of the flight surgeon and medical

restrictions to flight.

OBJECTIVES: You will know the aims of the aviation medicine program, the

functions of the flight surgeon and be able to list the

factors that require flight restriction.

CONDITION: You may use the text and references to complete the review

exercise.

STANDARD: You must answer correctly at least 8 of 10 review exercise

questions.

REFERENCES: AR 40-5 (Sep 84)(with changes), AR 40-8 (Aug 76), AR 385-95

(Dec 82)(with changes), U.S. Army Safety Center Publication,

Aeromedical Aspects of Aviation Safety (Jun 80).

LESSON TEXT

1. GENERAL

Man and his environment are stable with respect to each other. The

human animal, as we know him, has evolved over thousands of years to become

an efficiently functioning organism under the conditions as present on the

surface of the earth (gravity and atmospheric pressure). However, man has

been released from the bonds of earth by flight and is traveling into space

and even to the moon. While aircraft and aircraft systems have steadily

improved, the human body and mind have remained essentially unchanged with

little change expected during the next several centuries. This leaves us

with an aviation subsystem (man) that possesses known limitations around

which aircraft must be designed and operated. Since the human operator is

an integral subsystem, it becomes obvious that the individual deserves the

same care and attention as other subsystems. If a few basic rules and

guidelines are disregarded an accident can occur. This is not to say that

the individual is always responsible, but man is frequently the weak link in

the man-machine relationship.

a. Aviation Medicine Program Requirements. The requirements for the

procurement (initial entry physical qualification), inspection (annual

physical examination), maintenance (physiologic and physical fitness

training) and repair (clinical care) of aircrew members are established by

AR 40-5. The aviation medicine program is a vital part of the Army aviation

safety program and is designed to reduce the number of accidents resulting

US Army medical course - Aviation Medicine AV0593 WW.pdf

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