Molecular Embryology [Methods In Molec Bio, Vol 97] - P. Sharpe, I. Mason (Humana, 1999) WW.pdf - Medycyna, ludzkie ciało - adam001d

Methods in Molecular Biology T TM

VOLUME 97

EMBRYOLOGY

Methods and Protocols

Edited by Paul T. Sharpe

and Ivor Mason

HUMANA PRESS

Methods in Molecular Biology

MOLECULAR

EMBRYOLOGY

Methods and Protocols

Edited by Paul T. Sharpe

and Ivor Mason

METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular Embryology

Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Paul T. Sharpe

and

Ivor Mason

Dental and Medical Schools of Guy's, King's,

and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College, London, UK

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Cover illustration: Figure 7A from Chapter 2, "Culture of Postimplantation Mouse Embryos," by Paul Martin and David L. Cockroft.

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Main entry under title:

Methods in molecular biology .

Molecular embryology: methods and protocols / edited by Paul T. Sharpe and Ivor Mason.

p. cm. -- (Methods in molecular biology

; 97)

Includes index.

ISBN 0-89603-387-2 (alk. paper)

1. Embryology--Vertebrates--Methodology. 2. Chemical embryology—Methodology I. Sharpe,

Paul T. II. Mason, I. III. Series: Methods in molecular biology (Totowa, NJ); 97.

QL959.M65 1998

571.8'616—dc21 98-23234

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PREFACE

Most people have some interest in embryos; this probably results, in part, from their interest in understanding the biological origins of

themselves and their offspring and, increasingly, concerns about how environmental change such as pollution might affect human

development. Obviously, ethical considerations preclude experimental studies of human embryos and, consequently, the

developmental biologist has turned to other species to examine this process. Fortunately, the most significant conclusion to be drawn

from the experimental embryology of the last two decades is the manner in which orthologous or closely related molecules are

deployed to mediate similar developmental processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The molecular mechanisms regulating

processes fundamental to most animals, such as axial patterning or axon guidance, are frequently conserved during evolution. (It is

now widely believed that the differences between phyla and classes are the result of new genes, arising mostly by duplication and

divergence of extant sequences, regulating the appearance of derived characters.)

Other vertebrates are obviously most likely to use the same developmental mechanisms as humans and, within the vertebrate

subphylum, the apparent degree of conservation of developmental mechanism is considerable. It has long been recognized that

particular vertebrate species offer either distinct advantages in investigating particular stages of development or are especially

amenable to particular manipulations. No single animal can provide all the answers because not all types of experiments can be

carried out on a single species. Traditionally, developmental biologists have worked on their particular experimental favorite,

working, for example, solely on Drosophila , or Xenopus , or the mouse. In the last few years, this has started to change and there are

now increasing numbers of laboratories that have acquired the expertise to work on several different animals and are thus able to

harness the experimental advantages of different developmental systems to address specific developmental questions. Alternatively,

Developmental Biology Departments are becoming organized such that they have expertise in several model organisms. It is the

increasing necessity to be able to move between embryos of different vertebrate classes as a project progresses that prompted us to as-

semble Molecular Embryology: Methods and Protocols . We hope that it will allow researchers to familiarize themselves with the

various commonly studied vertebrate embryos, to make informed choices about which might be best suited to their investigations, and

to understand the techniques by which they might be manipulated.

Sadly, while this book was going to press, Nigel Holder, one of its contributors, died. Nigel was an excellent developmental biologist,

a founder of the Developmental Biology Research Group at King's College, and had recently been appointed to the Chair of Anatomy

and Human Biology at University College London. He was both a colleague and friend to ourselves and to many of the other

contributors to this volume. He is greatly missed.

PAUL T. SHARPE

IVOR MASON

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