Computers Networking Unix - Solaris - TCPIP Network Administration.pdf - IT - jpx1978

Contents

About This Course .....................................................................................xxi

Course Overview ............................................................................. xxii

Course Map..................................................................................... xxiii

Module-by-Module Overview ..................................................... xxiv

Course Objectives......................................................................... xxviii

Skills Gained by Module................................................................ xxix

Guidelines for Module Pacing ................................................... xxxiv

Topics Not Covered ....................................................................... xxxv

How Prepared Are You?............................................................. xxxvi

Introductions ............................................................................... xxxvii

How to Use Course Materials .................................................. xxxviii

Course Icons and Typographical Conventions .............................. xl

Icons ..............................................................................................xl

Typographical Conventions ................................................... xlii

Network Models .........................................................................................1-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 1-2

network Models ................................................................................ 1-3

ISO/OSI 7 Layer Model .................................................................. 1-4

Physical Layer............................................................................1-7

Data Link Layer.........................................................................1-8

Network Layer ..........................................................................1-9

Transport Layer.......................................................................1-10

Session Layer ...........................................................................1-11

Presentation Layer ..................................................................1-12

Application Layer ...................................................................1-13

TCP/IP.............................................................................................. 1-14

TCP/IP Network Model ................................................................ 1-15

Layered Model ........................................................................1-15

Hardware Layers ....................................................................1-17

Network Interface Layer ........................................................1-18

Internet Layer ..........................................................................1-19

Transport Layer.......................................................................1-20

Application Layer ...................................................................1-21

iii

Peer-to-Peer Communication ........................................................ 1-22

TCP/IP Protocols ............................................................................ 1-23

What Is a Protocol? .................................................................1-23

TCP/IP Protocol Descriptions...............................................1-24

Exercise: Reviewing the Module................................................... 1-26

Tasks .........................................................................................1-26

Exercise Summary...................................................................1-29

Task Solutions..........................................................................1-30

Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 1-33

Think Beyond .................................................................................. 1-34

Introduction to Local Area Networks ....................................................2-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 2-2

Introduction to Local Area Network.............................................. 2-3

Definition of Local Area Network ..........................................2-3

Benefits of a LAN ......................................................................2-4

LAN Architecture .....................................................................2-4

LAN Topology................................................................................... 2-5

Bus Configuration .....................................................................2-5

Star Configuration ....................................................................2-6

Ring Configuration ...................................................................2-8

LAN Components ............................................................................. 2-9

Ethernet Components..................................................................... 2-11

Sun Communications Controllers................................................ 2-13

ATM ..........................................................................................2-13

Ethernet ....................................................................................2-13

Fast Ethernet ............................................................................2-14

FDDI..........................................................................................2-14

Token Ring ...............................................................................2-14

Gigabit Ethernet ......................................................................2-14

LAN Methodologies ....................................................................... 2-15

Ethernet – IEEE 802.3..............................................................2-15

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ..............................................2-16

Token Ring – IEEE 802.5 ........................................................2-17

Fiber Distributed Data Interface ...........................................2-18

Network Media ............................................................................... 2-20

IEEE Shorthand .......................................................................2-20

10BASE-5 (Thick Ethernet) ....................................................2-21

10BASE-2 (Thin Ethernet) ......................................................2-21

10BASE-T (Twisted-Pair Ethernet) .......................................2-22

100BASE-TX .............................................................................2-22

100BASE-T4..............................................................................2-23

100BASE-F (Fiber Optic Ethernet) ........................................2-23

Multimode Ethernet ....................................................................... 2-24

Solaris – TCP/IP Network Administration

Exercise: Reviewing the Module................................................... 2-25

Preparation...............................................................................2-25

Tasks .........................................................................................2-26

Exercise: Identifying Lab Components........................................ 2-29

Tasks .........................................................................................2-29

Exercise Summary...................................................................2-31

Exercise: Reviewing the Module................................................... 2-32

Task Solutions..........................................................................2-32

Exercise: Identifying Lab Components........................................ 2-34

Task Solutions..........................................................................2-34

Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 2-36

Think Beyond .................................................................................. 2-37

Notes ................................................................................................. 2-38

Ethernet Interface .......................................................................................3-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 3-2

Introduction to Ethernet................................................................... 3-3

Ethernet Major Elements.................................................................. 3-4

Access Method................................................................................... 3-5

CSMA/CD .................................................................................3-5

Switched Ethernet ............................................................................. 3-7

Ethernet Address .............................................................................. 3-9

Sending Messages ...................................................................3-10

Ethernet Frame ................................................................................ 3-12

Ethernet Frame Analysis........................................................3-12

Encapsulation ..........................................................................3-14

Maximum Transfer Unit ................................................................ 3-15

Ethernet Error Checking ................................................................ 3-16

Useful Troubleshooting Commands ............................................ 3-17

snoop ........................................................................................3-17

netstat ....................................................................................3-22

ifconfig ..................................................................................3-23

Exercise: Using the snoop and netstat Commands ................ 3-24

Tasks .........................................................................................3-24

Exercise Summary...................................................................3-28

Exercise: Using the snoop and netstat Commands .................... 3-29

Task Solutions..........................................................................3-29

Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 3-33

Think Beyond .................................................................................. 3-34

Notes ................................................................................................. 3-35

ARP and RARP ...........................................................................................4-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 4-2

Introduction to Address Resolution............................................... 4-3

Why ARP Is Required ...................................................................... 4-4

Address Resolution Protocol........................................................... 4-6

ARP Request ..............................................................................4-6

ARP Reply ..................................................................................4-8

ARP Reply Caching ..................................................................4-9

ARP Table Management ................................................................ 4-10

ARP Command Examples .....................................................4-10

Reverse Address Resolution.......................................................... 4-13

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol ..................................4-13

Troubleshooting the in.rarpd Server.................................4-16

Exercise: Understanding ARP ....................................................... 4-18

Tasks .........................................................................................4-18

Exercise Summary...................................................................4-23

Task Solutions..........................................................................4-24

Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 4-29

Think Beyond .................................................................................. 4-30

Internet Layer ..............................................................................................5-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 5-2

Introduction to the Internet ............................................................. 5-3

The Early Days ..........................................................................5-3

Berkeley Software Distribution...............................................5-3

Rapid Growth ............................................................................5-4

The Future ..................................................................................5-4

Internet Layer .................................................................................... 5-6

Internet Protocol........................................................................5-6

Datagrams ..................................................................................5-7

Internet Control Message Protocol .........................................5-7

Fragmentation ...........................................................................5-7

Classful IPv4 Addressing................................................................. 5-8

Class A – Very Large Networks (up to 16 Million

Hosts) ..........................................................................................5-9

Class B – Large Networks (up to 65,000 Hosts)....................5-9

Class C – Small and Mid-Sized Networks (up to

254 Hosts) .................................................................................5-10

Class D – Multicast Address..................................................5-10

Special IPv4 Addresses .................................................................. 5-11

IPv4 Broadcast Addresses......................................................5-11

Reserved Network and Host IPv4 Values ...........................5-12

IPv4 Netmasks................................................................................. 5-13

Definition of Network Masks................................................5-13

Computing Network Numbers.............................................5-15

Reasons to Subnet ...................................................................5-17

Defining Subnets ............................................................................. 5-18

Address Hierarchy..................................................................5-18

Extended Network Number..................................................5-18

Computing the Extended Network Number ......................5-19

Non-Byte Bounded Subnet Masks................................................ 5-20

Computing the Broadcast Address .............................................. 5-21

Solaris – TCP/IP Network Administration

The Logical NOT Operator....................................................5-21

The Logical OR Operator .......................................................5-22

Computing the Broadcast Address ......................................5-23

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) ...................................... 5-24

VLSM Advantages ..................................................................5-24

Efficient Use of IP Address Space.........................................5-25

Route Aggregation..................................................................5-26

Associated Protocols...............................................................5-27

Permanent Subnet Masks............................................................... 5-28

/etc/inet/netmasks File ....................................................5-28

Recommended Subnet Masks ....................................................... 5-29

Contiguous Versus Non-Contiguous...................................5-29

Configuring a Subnet ..................................................................... 5-32

Router Setup ............................................................................5-32

Host Setup ................................................................................5-33

Network Interface Configuration ................................................. 5-36

Interface Configuration ..........................................................5-36

/sbin/ifconfig Command ......................................................... 5-38

Examining Network Interfaces ..................................................... 5-39

ifconfig Examples....................................................................5-39

Status Flags ..............................................................................5-40

Network Interface Configuration Examples ............................... 5-41

Troubleshooting the Network Interface ...................................... 5-43

Exercise: Becoming Familiar With the Internet

Protocol Lab ..................................................................................... 5-44

Tasks .........................................................................................5-44

Exercise Summary...................................................................5-50

Task Solutions..........................................................................5-51

Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 5-57

Think Beyond .................................................................................. 5-58

Routing .........................................................................................................6-1

Relevance............................................................................................ 6-2

Introduction to Routing ................................................................... 6-3

Routing Schemes ............................................................................... 6-4

Table-Driven Routing...............................................................6-4

Static Routing.............................................................................6-4

Dynamic Routing ......................................................................6-5

Internet Control Messaging Protocol Redirects....................6-6

Default Routing .........................................................................6-7

Routing Algorithm............................................................................ 6-8

Autonomous Systems (AS)............................................................ 6-11

Gateway Protocols .......................................................................... 6-12

Exterior Gateways Protocols (EGPs) ....................................6-12

Border Gateway Protocols (BGPs)........................................6-14

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)........................................6-17

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Computers Networking Unix - Solaris - TCPIP Network Administration.pdf

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