Debian Installation Guide.pdf

Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide

This document contains installation instructions for the Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 system (codename “lenny”), for

the Intel x86 (“i386”) architecture. It also contains pointers to more information and information on how to make

the most of your new Debian system.

Note: Although this installation guide for i386 is mostly up-to-date, we plan to make some changes and

reorganize parts of the manual after the ofﬁcial release of lenny. A newer version of this manual may be found

on the Internet at the debian-installer home page (http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/). You may

also be able to ﬁnd additional translations there.

This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please refer to the

license in Appendix F .

Table of Contents

Installing Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 For i386 ...................................................................................... x

1. Welcome to Debian ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. What is Debian? ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. What is GNU/Linux? ........................................................................................................... 2

1.3. What is Debian GNU/Linux? ............................................................................................... 3

1.4. Getting Debian ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.5. Getting the Newest Version of This Document .................................................................... 4

1.6. Organization of This Document ........................................................................................... 4

1.7. About Copyrights and Software Licenses ............................................................................ 4

2. System Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 6

2.1. Supported Hardware ............................................................................................................. 6

2.1.1. Supported Architectures .......................................................................................... 6

2.1.2. CPU, Main Boards, and Video Support ................................................................... 7

2.1.2.1. CPU ............................................................................................................. 7

2.1.2.2. I/O Bus ........................................................................................................ 8

2.1.3. Laptops .................................................................................................................... 8

2.1.4. Multiple Processors ................................................................................................. 8

2.1.5. Graphics Card Support ............................................................................................ 8

2.1.6. Network Connectivity Hardware ............................................................................. 8

2.1.6.1. Wireless Network Cards ............................................................................. 9

2.1.7. Peripherals and Other Hardware ............................................................................. 9

2.2. Devices Requiring Firmware ............................................................................................... 9

2.3. Purchasing Hardware Speciﬁcally for GNU/Linux ............................................................. 9

2.3.1. Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware ................................................................. 10

2.3.2. Windows-speciﬁc Hardware .................................................................................. 10

2.4. Installation Media .............................................................................................................. 11

2.4.1. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM ........................................................................................... 11

2.4.2. Hard Disk ............................................................................................................... 11

2.4.3. USB Memory Stick ............................................................................................... 11

2.4.4. Network ................................................................................................................. 11

2.4.5. Un*x or GNU system ............................................................................................ 12

2.4.6. Supported Storage Systems ................................................................................... 12

2.5. Memory and Disk Space Requirements ............................................................................. 12

3. Before Installing Debian GNU/Linux ......................................................................................... 13

3.1. Overview of the Installation Process .................................................................................. 13

3.2. Back Up Your Existing Data! ............................................................................................. 14

3.3. Information You Will Need ................................................................................................ 14

3.3.1. Documentation ...................................................................................................... 14

3.3.1.1. Installation Manual ................................................................................... 14

3.3.1.2. Hardware documentation .......................................................................... 14

3.3.2. Finding Sources of Hardware Information ............................................................ 15

3.3.3. Hardware Compatibility ........................................................................................ 16

3.3.4. Network Settings ................................................................................................... 16

3.4. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements ..................................................................... 17

3.5. Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems ........................................................................... 18

3.5.1. Partitioning From DOS or Windows ..................................................................... 19

3.5.1.1. Lossless Repartitioning When Starting From DOS, Win-32 or OS/2 ...... 19

3.5.1.2. Partitioning for DOS ................................................................................. 20

iii

3.6. Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup .................................................... 20

3.6.1. Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu .......................................................................... 20

3.6.2. Boot Device Selection ........................................................................................... 21

3.6.2.1. Changing the Boot Order on IDE Computers ........................................... 21

3.6.2.2. Changing the Boot Order on SCSI Computers ......................................... 22

3.6.3. Miscellaneous BIOS Settings ................................................................................ 22

3.6.3.1. CD-ROM Settings ..................................................................................... 22

3.6.3.2. Extended vs. Expanded Memory .............................................................. 22

3.6.3.3. Virus Protection ........................................................................................ 22

3.6.3.4. Shadow RAM ............................................................................................ 23

3.6.3.5. Memory Hole ............................................................................................ 23

3.6.3.6. Advanced Power Management ................................................................. 23

3.6.4. Hardware Issues to Watch Out For ........................................................................ 23

4. Obtaining System Installation Media ......................................................................................... 24

4.1. Ofﬁcial Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM Sets ...................................................................... 24

4.2. Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors ........................................................................... 24

4.2.1. Where to Find Installation Images ........................................................................ 24

4.3. Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting ............................................................... 24

4.3.1. Copying the ﬁles — the easy way ......................................................................... 25

4.3.2. Copying the ﬁles — the ﬂexible way .................................................................... 25

4.3.2.1. Partitioning the USB stick ........................................................................ 26

4.3.2.2. Adding the installer image ........................................................................ 26

4.3.3. Booting the USB stick ........................................................................................... 27

4.4. Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting .............................................................................. 27

4.4.1. Hard disk installer booting using LILO or GRUB ............................................... 27

4.5. Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting ............................................................................... 27

4.5.1. Setting up a BOOTP server ................................................................................... 28

4.5.2. Setting up a DHCP server ...................................................................................... 29

4.5.2.1. Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP conﬁguration .................................. 29

4.5.3. Enabling the TFTP Server ..................................................................................... 30

4.5.4. Move TFTP Images Into Place .............................................................................. 30

4.6. Automatic Installation ........................................................................................................ 31

4.6.1. Automatic Installation Using the Debian Installer ................................................ 31

5. Booting the Installation System ................................................................................................... 32

5.1. Booting the Installer on Intel x86 ...................................................................................... 32

5.1.1. Booting from a CD-ROM ...................................................................................... 32

5.1.2. Booting from Windows ......................................................................................... 32

5.1.3. Booting from Linux Using LILO or GRUB ......................................................... 32

5.1.4. Booting from USB Memory Stick ......................................................................... 33

5.1.5. Booting with TFTP ................................................................................................ 33

5.1.5.1. NIC or Motherboard that support PXE ..................................................... 33

5.1.5.2. NIC with Network BootROM ................................................................... 34

5.1.5.3. Etherboot ................................................................................................... 34

5.1.6. The Boot Screen .................................................................................................... 34

5.2. Boot Parameters ................................................................................................................. 35

5.2.1. Debian Installer Parameters ................................................................................... 36

5.2.1.1. Using boot parameters to answer questions .............................................. 39

5.2.1.2. Passing parameters to kernel modules ...................................................... 39

5.2.1.3. Blacklisting kernel modules ...................................................................... 40

5.3. Troubleshooting the Installation Process ........................................................................... 40

5.3.1. CD-ROM Reliability ............................................................................................. 40

5.3.1.1. Common issues ......................................................................................... 41

5.3.1.2. How to investigate and maybe solve issues .............................................. 41

5.3.2. Boot Conﬁguration ................................................................................................ 42

5.3.3. Common Intel x86 Installation Problems .............................................................. 42

5.3.3.1. System Freeze During the PCMCIA Conﬁguration Phase ....................... 43

5.3.3.2. System Freeze while Loading USB Modules ........................................... 43

5.3.4. Interpreting the Kernel Startup Messages ............................................................. 43

5.3.5. Reporting Installation Problems ............................................................................ 44

5.3.6. Submitting Installation Reports ............................................................................. 44

6. Using the Debian Installer ............................................................................................................ 46

6.1. How the Installer Works ..................................................................................................... 46

6.2. Components Introduction ................................................................................................... 46

6.3. Using Individual Components ............................................................................................ 49

6.3.1. Setting up Debian Installer and Hardware Conﬁguration ..................................... 49

6.3.1.1. Check available memory / low memory mode ......................................... 49

6.3.1.2. Selecting Localization Options ................................................................. 50

6.3.1.3. Choosing a Keyboard ................................................................................ 51

6.3.1.4. Looking for the Debian Installer ISO Image ............................................ 51

6.3.1.5. Conﬁguring the Network .......................................................................... 51

6.3.1.6. Conﬁguring the Clock ............................................................................... 52

6.3.2. Partitioning and Mount Point Selection ................................................................ 52

6.3.2.1. Guided Partitioning ................................................................................... 52

6.3.2.2. Manual Partitioning .................................................................................. 54

6.3.2.3. Conﬁguring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID) .................................... 55

6.3.2.4. Conﬁguring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ................................... 58

6.3.2.5. Conﬁguring Encrypted Volumes ............................................................... 59

6.3.3. Installing the Base System ..................................................................................... 62

6.3.4. Setting Up Users And Passwords .......................................................................... 62

6.3.4.1. Set the Root Password .............................................................................. 62

6.3.4.2. Create an Ordinary User ........................................................................... 63

6.3.5. Installing Additional Software .............................................................................. 63

6.3.5.1. Conﬁguring apt ......................................................................................... 63

6.3.5.1.1. Installing from more than one CD or DVD .................................. 63

6.3.5.1.2. Using a network mirror ................................................................ 64

6.3.5.2. Selecting and Installing Software ............................................................. 65

6.3.6. Making Your System Bootable .............................................................................. 66

6.3.6.1. Detecting other operating systems ............................................................ 66

6.3.6.2. Install the Grub Boot Loader on a Hard Disk .......................................... 66

6.3.6.3. Install the LILO Boot Loader on a Hard Disk ......................................... 66

6.3.6.4. Continue Without Boot Loader ................................................................. 67

6.3.7. Finishing the Installation ....................................................................................... 67

6.3.7.1. Setting the System Clock .......................................................................... 67

6.3.7.2. Reboot the System .................................................................................... 68

6.3.8. Miscellaneous ........................................................................................................ 68

6.3.8.1. Saving the installation logs ....................................................................... 68

6.3.8.2. Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs ...................................................... 68

6.3.8.3. Installation Over the Network ................................................................... 69

6.4. Loading Missing Firmware ................................................................................................ 70

6.4.1. Preparing a medium ............................................................................................... 71

6.4.2. Firmware and the Installed System ....................................................................... 71

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