CIA-Psych-Ops-In-Guerrilla-Warefare-(PDF).pdf

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CIA
CIA
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN
GUERRILLA WARFARE
A tactical manual for the revolutionary. First published by the Central Intelligence
Agency and distributed to the Contras in Central America.
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Index
-PREFACE-
-APPENDIX-
PREFACE
Guerrilla warfare is essentially a political war. Therefore, its area of
operations exceeds the territorial limits of conventional warfare, to penetrate
the political entity itself: the "political animal" that Aristotle defined.
In effect, the human being should be considered the priority objective
in a political war. And conceived as the military target of guerrilla war, the
human being has his most critical point in his mind. Once his mind has been
reached, the "political animal" has been defeated, without necessarily
receiving bullets.
Guerrilla warfare is born and grows in the political environment; in
the constant combat to dominate that area of political mentality that is
inherent to all human beings and which collectively constitutes the
"environment" in which guerrilla warfare moves, and which is where
precisely its victory or failure is defined.
This conception of guerrilla warfare as political war turns
Psychological Operations into the decisive factor of the results. The target,
then, is the minds of the population, all the population: our troops, the
enemy troops and the civilian population.
This book is a manual for the training of guerrillas in psychological
operations, and its application to the concrete case of the Christian and
democratic crusade being waged in Nicaragua by the Freedom Commandos.
Welcome!
INTRODUCTION
1. Generalities
The purpose of this book is to introduce the guerrilla student to the
psychological operations techniques that will be of immediate and practical
value to him in guerrilla warfare. This section is introductory and general;
subsequent sections will cover each point set forth here in more detail.
The nature of the environment of guerrilla warfare does not permit
sophisticated psychological operations, and it becomes necessary for the
chiefs of groups, chiefs of detachments and squadron leaders to have the
ability to carry out, with minimal instructions from the higher levels,
psychological action operations with the contacts that are thoroughly aware
of the situation, i.e. the foundations.
2. Combatant-Propagandist Guerrillas
In order to obtain the maximum results from the psychological
operations in guerrilla warfare, every combatant should be as highly
motivated to carry out propaganda face to face as he is a combatant. This
means that the individual political awareness of the guerrilla of the reason
for his struggle will be as acute as his ability to fight.
Such a political awareness and motivation is obtained through the
dynamic of groups and self-criticism, as a standard method of instruction for
the guerrilla training and operations. Group discussions raise the spirit and
improve the unity of thought of the guerrilla training and operations. Group
discussions raise the spirit and improve the unity of thought of the guerrilla
squads and exercise social pressure on the weak members to carry out a
better role in future training or in combative action. Self-criticism is in terms
of one's contribution or defects in his contribution to the cause, to the
movement, the struggle, etc.; and gives a positive individual commitment to
the mission of the group.
The desired result is a guerrilla who can persuasively justify his
actions when he comes into contact with any member of the People of
Nicaragua, and especially with himself and his fellow guerrillas in dealing
with the vicissitudes of guerrilla warfare. This means that every guerrilla
will be persuasive in his face-to-face communication - propagandist-
combatant - is his contact with the people; he should be able to give 5 or 10
logical reasons why, for example, a peasant should give him cloth, needle
and thread to mend his clothes. When the guerrilla behaves in this manner,
enemy propaganda will never succeed in making him an enemy in the eyes
of the people. It also means that hunger, cold, fatigue and insecurity will
have a meaning, psychologically, in the cause of the struggle due to his
constant orientation.
3. Armed Propaganda
Armed propaganda includes every act carried out, and the good
impression that this armed force causes will result in positive attitudes in the
population toward that force; ad it does not include forced indoctrination.
Armed propaganda improves the behavior of the population toward them,
and it is not achieved by force.
This means that a guerilla-armed unit in a rural town will not give the
impression that arms are their strength over the peasants, but rather that they
are the strength of the peasants against the Sandinista government of
repression. This is achieved through a close identification with the people, as
follows: hanging up weapons and working together with them on their crops,
in construction, in the harvesting of grains, in fishing, etc.; explanations to
young men about basic weapons, e.g. giving them an unloaded weapon and
letting them touch it, see it, etc.; describing in a rudimentary manner its
operation; describing with simple slogans how weapons will serve the
people to win their freedom; demanding the requests by the people for
hospitals and education, reducing taxes, etc.
All these acts have as their goal the creation of an identification of the
people with the weapons and the guerrillas who carry them, so that the

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